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With the development of computer technology, communication technology and control technology, field bus technology has been widely applied to industrial control systems and has begun to be applied in the textile industry. This article introduces the basic principle of fieldbus, compares several existing fieldbuses, and analyzes and summarizes the new development features of digital textile production control system. It also introduces the current situation of the application of fieldbus in the textile industry at home and abroad.
1. Introduction With the continuous and rapid development of China's textile industry, modern textile technology will be dominated by electronic information technology, with intelligent production as the main feature [1]. At present, the development of control systems for domestic textile machinery and equipment focuses more on automating the textile process performance of a single device. It encapsulates the advanced functions of the machine in a single-machine system, ignoring the network composition of the system. The result is bound to make the machine The structure (especially its control system) becomes more and more complex, making the machine an "island" in the automation system of textile companies. Since the 1990s, fieldbus technology and control systems based on this technology have attracted people's attention at home and abroad, becoming a hot spot in the development of automation technology worldwide. It has comprehensively used microprocessor technology, network technology, communications technology, and automation. Control technology, the microprocessor is placed in the field of automatic control equipment, so that the device has digital computing and digital communications capabilities, not only improves the accuracy of signal measurement, control and transmission, but also to create a condition for its long-range transmission.
In the process of the transformation of the textile industry from traditional industries to modern ones, fieldbus-based control technologies provide opportunities for the decentralized, networked, and intelligent development of textile industry control systems. This article introduces the basic principle of fieldbus, compares the characteristics and application occasions of several commonly used fieldbuses, and builds a framework model of digital textile production system based on fieldbus control technology.
2. The basic principle of fieldbus Fieldbus is the combined point of current 3C (Computer, Communication, Control) technology development, and also the intersection of process control technology, automation instrumentation technology and computer network technology development, and is the development of information technology and network technology. The concentrated expression in the field of control is the inevitable result of the extension of information technology and network technology to the scene.
According to the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standard and the Fieldbus Foundation (FF) definition, fieldbus is a digital, bidirectional transmission, multi-branch structure communication network that connects intelligent field devices and automation systems [2]. Fieldbus technology places dedicated microprocessors into traditional measurement and control instruments, enabling them to have digital computing and digital communications capabilities, and become network nodes that can independently perform certain inspection, control, and communication tasks. A network system in which a plurality of measurement and control instruments and computers are connected as nodes through an ordinary twisted pair; and an open and standardized communication protocol is used between a plurality of microcomputer-based measurement and control devices located at the production control site, and field instrumentation and use Between remote computers for monitoring and management, data transmission and information sharing are realized to form various automatic control systems that meet actual needs.
Fieldbus is mainly oriented to process control. Besides the direct information of transmitting digital and analog signals, it can also transmit control information. The network exchanged data unit is frame. Compared with Distributed Control System (DCS), Fieldbus Control System (FCS) has the advantages of high reliability, better security, interchangeability and interoperability, openness, and decentralization.
In summary, the fieldbus is a real-time control communication network that interconnects the bottommost automation field controller and field intelligent instrumentation equipment. It follows all or part of the communication protocol of the ISO/OSI open system interconnection reference model.
3. Several common fieldbus technologies Since the 1980s, several well-known international companies have introduced several industrial fieldbuses and field communication protocols. Currently, there are mainly FF (Fieldbus Foundation Foundation Fieldbus) and Profibus (popular). ProcessFieldbus), CAN (Controller AreaNetwork Controller Area Network), LonWorks (LocalOperationNetwork Local Operation Network), WorldFIP (Factory Instrumentation Protocol World Factory Instrumentation Protocol), and the like. The main technical differences and applicable occasions are as follows:
The 3.1FF Fieldbus Foundation fieldbus is based on the ISO/OSI open system interconnection model, taking the physical layer, data link layer, and application layer as the corresponding layers of the FF communication model, and adding a user layer at the application layer. The FF is divided into two communication speeds: low-speed H1 and high-speed H2. H1's transmission rate is 1.25kbit/s, communication distance up to 1900m (can be extended with repeater), can support bus power supply, support intrinsically safe riot environment. The transmission rate of H2 is 1M and 2.5kbit/s, and its communication distance is 750m and 500m, respectively. The physical transmission medium can support twisted pair, fiber optic cable and wireless transmission. The protocol conforms to the IEC 11582 standard, and the physical medium uses Manchester encoding as the transmission signal. Mainly used in the field of process automation, such as: chemical, electric power, oil field and wastewater treatment.
3.2 Profibus Fieldbus Profibus series consists of three compatible parts: Profibus-DP, Profibus-FMS and Profibus-PA. Profibus uses the physical layer and data link layer of the OSI model and forms a subset of the first part of the standard. Profibus has a transmission rate of 9.6 kbit/s to 12 Mbit/s, a maximum transmission distance of 100 m at 12 Mbit/s, and 400 m at 1.5 Mbit/s, which can be extended to 10 km using a repeater. Its transmission medium can be twisted pair and optical cable. The main application areas are: DP type suitable for applications in the field of process automation, such as pharmaceuticals, cement, food, electricity, power generation, transmission and distribution; FMS applies to textile, building automation, programmable controllers, low voltage switches and other general automation manufacturing Automation; PA type is the type of bus used for process automation.
3.3CAN fieldbus CAN network design adopts a three-layer structure model conforming to the ISO/OSI network standard model: physical layer, data link layer and application layer. The functions of the physical layer and link layer of the network are completed by the CAN interface device. , And the function of the application layer is completed by the processor. Communication has outstanding reliability, real-time and flexibility; short frame structure, short transmission time and anti-jamming; nodes with different priorities can meet different real-time requirements. The transmission medium can be twisted pair, coaxial cable or optical fiber, and the communication speed can reach up to 1 Mbit/s (40m), and the direct transmission distance can reach up to 10km (5kbit/s). The main application areas are: automotive manufacturing, robotics, hydraulic systems, decentralized I/O, tool machine tools, and medical devices.
3.4 Lonworks Fieldbus LonWorks uses a 7-layer protocol structure similar to the OSI reference model. The core of LonWorks technology is a Neuron chip with communication and control functions. The Neuron chip implements a complete LonWorks LonTalk communication protocol, and peer-to-peer communication is available between nodes. LonWorks communication rate is 78Kbit/s ~ 1.25Mbit/s, supports a variety of physical media, there are twisted pair, fiber, coaxial cable, power line carrier and wireless communication, etc.; and support a variety of topological structure, networking flexibility. The main application areas are: industrial control, building automation, data acquisition, SCADA systems, etc., and have superior performance in the formation of distributed monitoring networks.
3.5 WorldFIP Fieldbus WorldFIP fieldbus architecture is divided into three levels: process level, control level and monitoring level. The protocol consists of the physical layer, data link layer and application layer. Its communication rate is 31.25Kbit/s, 1Mbit/s, 2.5Mbit/s, 25Mbit/s. The transmission medium is shielded twisted pair and optical fiber. It can meet the various needs of users and is suitable for many types of application structures such as centralized, decentralized, and master/slave. A single WorldFIP bus can be used to meet the needs of process control, factory manufacturing processes, and various drive systems. The main application areas are: power industry, railways, transportation, industrial control, and buildings.
4. Textile production control system based on fieldbus technology Informatization construction of the textile industry is the focus of the pursuit and construction of textile factories in the next few years, and the digital textile production system is its indispensable foundation. It will comprehensively improve the management level of textile factories, and will have a direct and obvious driving effect on the progress of the plant's technology, quality, economy, and services.
Digital textile machinery adopts modern advanced control technology: a CPU-based controller, a new drive technology based on power electronics technology, and a network and high-speed data communication technology represented by field bus technology. Realize accurate real-time data collection and high-speed transmission, realize distributed, on-site and anti-jamming performance enhancement, realize the automation and intelligence of the production process, complete the combination of textile machinery and modern advanced control technology, and provide information for textile enterprises The equipment layer lays a solid foundation.
According to the network connection structure, the enterprise network system is generally divided into four layers: the control layer, the monitoring layer, the management layer, and the information layer. The textile production information system based on fieldbus technology is shown in Figure 1.
Fieldbus control layer is a source of various production information. All kinds of cotton spinning, weaving, printing and dyeing machinery controllers have fieldbus communication interfaces. Through proper programming, the machine's operating data can be transmitted to the monitoring system in real time. The fieldbus monitoring layer completes plant level equipment inspection and control. Application of configuration software programming and fieldbus network, integration of a single machine control system in the workshop, clear and friendly man-machine interface to achieve the monitoring of the production status, production, and efficiency of the entire workshop equipment, and can also process parameters of the equipment Make unified settings, fault alarms, parameter records, display historical trends and real-time curves, generate and print various production reports. Management is a factory-level information management system. The control system can build a database through various buses and industrial networks in accordance with the needs of users. The data can be processed and sent to various management departments for data query, statistics, analysis and data reports. The fieldbus information layer integrates the control process, information management, and communication network to realize data sharing. When the relevant personnel log on to the Web server, they can monitor the operation of the equipment at the production site according to their respective rights.
5. Application case Because the field bus technology has unparalleled advantages in terms of reliability, openness, economy, and all-digital transmission, it has adapted to the high quality, low cost, small batch, multiple varieties, rapid response, and high efficiency of the modern textile industry. The need for low consumption and clean production. At present, fieldbus technology has begun to be applied in a large number of textile machinery equipment such as spinning, chemical fiber, woven, knitting, dyeing and finishing, and clothing, to simplify the composition of the production system and to form a flexible system. Production system; protect product quality and reduce production costs; promote integrated computerized production in the textile industry.
In the field of chemical fiber, weaving and dyeing and finishing equipment that adopts field bus technology introduced abroad, modular field devices of different manufacturers' standards are distributed in various parts of the machine, and they are assembled into special systems using control network integration technology. Hardware design becomes simple and clear, reducing wiring costs. For example, the G6300 rapier weaving machine introduced by SulzeTextile in Switzerland uses servomotors for the weft insertion, let-off, take-up, and selvedge in the machine. The main controller is a 32-bit multi-processor structure for each field device in the loom. The CAN fieldbus connection constitutes the control network. The woven condition setting and control data conversion of the fabric specifications can be controlled remotely or on-site. The AIRFLOWAFT dyeing machine introduced by THEN of Germany adopts the THEN-DYNET (TDN) control system of the LonWorks fieldbus control network structure. The air flow control valve, the water inlet and outlet valve, and the heat exchanger control valve of the machine are used to perform the dye bath temperature. Sensors such as fabric speeds are field devices with functional autonomy and are connected to the host PLC controller as a node in the complete machine control network.
Since 1993, China began to conduct field bus research, and in 1996 formally listed field bus technology research and product development as a national key scientific and technological project during the Ninth Five-Year Plan period. By 1998, there were some incomplete field bus OEMs. New product launch. The domestic textile machinery factory took the opportunity to actively introduce advanced fieldbus technology, combined with the functional characteristics of various types of textile machinery, and focused on the system integration of fieldbus products. For example, a four-motor driven roving machine developed by Shanghai Erfang Machinery Co., Ltd. uses a CAN bus. Large-capacity polyester spinning and post-processing production lines all use Profibus. Shanghai Pacific Electromechanical Group developed a 30,000-ton polyester staple fiber complete set of equipment and developed a fieldbus-based control system that has reached the advanced level of similar international products.
6. Concluding remarks Fieldbus technology is one of the hotspots in the field of automation in today's automation industry. Its appearance has revolutionized the traditional control system structure, making the automation system intelligent, digital, informational, networked, and distributed. The direction of development is to form a new type of network integrated full distributed control system—fieldbus control system. Fieldbus control system as the development direction of industrial automation provides a good opportunity for the automation field of China's textile industry. With the popularization of on-site industrial bus products, the cost of research and development, and the reduction of production costs, the on-site industrial bus products will be widely used in the textile industry automation system. On-site industrial bus system technology will be widely used in the textile automation and development.
1. Introduction With the continuous and rapid development of China's textile industry, modern textile technology will be dominated by electronic information technology, with intelligent production as the main feature [1]. At present, the development of control systems for domestic textile machinery and equipment focuses more on automating the textile process performance of a single device. It encapsulates the advanced functions of the machine in a single-machine system, ignoring the network composition of the system. The result is bound to make the machine The structure (especially its control system) becomes more and more complex, making the machine an "island" in the automation system of textile companies. Since the 1990s, fieldbus technology and control systems based on this technology have attracted people's attention at home and abroad, becoming a hot spot in the development of automation technology worldwide. It has comprehensively used microprocessor technology, network technology, communications technology, and automation. Control technology, the microprocessor is placed in the field of automatic control equipment, so that the device has digital computing and digital communications capabilities, not only improves the accuracy of signal measurement, control and transmission, but also to create a condition for its long-range transmission.
In the process of the transformation of the textile industry from traditional industries to modern ones, fieldbus-based control technologies provide opportunities for the decentralized, networked, and intelligent development of textile industry control systems. This article introduces the basic principle of fieldbus, compares the characteristics and application occasions of several commonly used fieldbuses, and builds a framework model of digital textile production system based on fieldbus control technology.
2. The basic principle of fieldbus Fieldbus is the combined point of current 3C (Computer, Communication, Control) technology development, and also the intersection of process control technology, automation instrumentation technology and computer network technology development, and is the development of information technology and network technology. The concentrated expression in the field of control is the inevitable result of the extension of information technology and network technology to the scene.
According to the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standard and the Fieldbus Foundation (FF) definition, fieldbus is a digital, bidirectional transmission, multi-branch structure communication network that connects intelligent field devices and automation systems [2]. Fieldbus technology places dedicated microprocessors into traditional measurement and control instruments, enabling them to have digital computing and digital communications capabilities, and become network nodes that can independently perform certain inspection, control, and communication tasks. A network system in which a plurality of measurement and control instruments and computers are connected as nodes through an ordinary twisted pair; and an open and standardized communication protocol is used between a plurality of microcomputer-based measurement and control devices located at the production control site, and field instrumentation and use Between remote computers for monitoring and management, data transmission and information sharing are realized to form various automatic control systems that meet actual needs.
Fieldbus is mainly oriented to process control. Besides the direct information of transmitting digital and analog signals, it can also transmit control information. The network exchanged data unit is frame. Compared with Distributed Control System (DCS), Fieldbus Control System (FCS) has the advantages of high reliability, better security, interchangeability and interoperability, openness, and decentralization.
In summary, the fieldbus is a real-time control communication network that interconnects the bottommost automation field controller and field intelligent instrumentation equipment. It follows all or part of the communication protocol of the ISO/OSI open system interconnection reference model.
3. Several common fieldbus technologies Since the 1980s, several well-known international companies have introduced several industrial fieldbuses and field communication protocols. Currently, there are mainly FF (Fieldbus Foundation Foundation Fieldbus) and Profibus (popular). ProcessFieldbus), CAN (Controller AreaNetwork Controller Area Network), LonWorks (LocalOperationNetwork Local Operation Network), WorldFIP (Factory Instrumentation Protocol World Factory Instrumentation Protocol), and the like. The main technical differences and applicable occasions are as follows:
The 3.1FF Fieldbus Foundation fieldbus is based on the ISO/OSI open system interconnection model, taking the physical layer, data link layer, and application layer as the corresponding layers of the FF communication model, and adding a user layer at the application layer. The FF is divided into two communication speeds: low-speed H1 and high-speed H2. H1's transmission rate is 1.25kbit/s, communication distance up to 1900m (can be extended with repeater), can support bus power supply, support intrinsically safe riot environment. The transmission rate of H2 is 1M and 2.5kbit/s, and its communication distance is 750m and 500m, respectively. The physical transmission medium can support twisted pair, fiber optic cable and wireless transmission. The protocol conforms to the IEC 11582 standard, and the physical medium uses Manchester encoding as the transmission signal. Mainly used in the field of process automation, such as: chemical, electric power, oil field and wastewater treatment.
3.2 Profibus Fieldbus Profibus series consists of three compatible parts: Profibus-DP, Profibus-FMS and Profibus-PA. Profibus uses the physical layer and data link layer of the OSI model and forms a subset of the first part of the standard. Profibus has a transmission rate of 9.6 kbit/s to 12 Mbit/s, a maximum transmission distance of 100 m at 12 Mbit/s, and 400 m at 1.5 Mbit/s, which can be extended to 10 km using a repeater. Its transmission medium can be twisted pair and optical cable. The main application areas are: DP type suitable for applications in the field of process automation, such as pharmaceuticals, cement, food, electricity, power generation, transmission and distribution; FMS applies to textile, building automation, programmable controllers, low voltage switches and other general automation manufacturing Automation; PA type is the type of bus used for process automation.
3.3CAN fieldbus CAN network design adopts a three-layer structure model conforming to the ISO/OSI network standard model: physical layer, data link layer and application layer. The functions of the physical layer and link layer of the network are completed by the CAN interface device. , And the function of the application layer is completed by the processor. Communication has outstanding reliability, real-time and flexibility; short frame structure, short transmission time and anti-jamming; nodes with different priorities can meet different real-time requirements. The transmission medium can be twisted pair, coaxial cable or optical fiber, and the communication speed can reach up to 1 Mbit/s (40m), and the direct transmission distance can reach up to 10km (5kbit/s). The main application areas are: automotive manufacturing, robotics, hydraulic systems, decentralized I/O, tool machine tools, and medical devices.
3.4 Lonworks Fieldbus LonWorks uses a 7-layer protocol structure similar to the OSI reference model. The core of LonWorks technology is a Neuron chip with communication and control functions. The Neuron chip implements a complete LonWorks LonTalk communication protocol, and peer-to-peer communication is available between nodes. LonWorks communication rate is 78Kbit/s ~ 1.25Mbit/s, supports a variety of physical media, there are twisted pair, fiber, coaxial cable, power line carrier and wireless communication, etc.; and support a variety of topological structure, networking flexibility. The main application areas are: industrial control, building automation, data acquisition, SCADA systems, etc., and have superior performance in the formation of distributed monitoring networks.
3.5 WorldFIP Fieldbus WorldFIP fieldbus architecture is divided into three levels: process level, control level and monitoring level. The protocol consists of the physical layer, data link layer and application layer. Its communication rate is 31.25Kbit/s, 1Mbit/s, 2.5Mbit/s, 25Mbit/s. The transmission medium is shielded twisted pair and optical fiber. It can meet the various needs of users and is suitable for many types of application structures such as centralized, decentralized, and master/slave. A single WorldFIP bus can be used to meet the needs of process control, factory manufacturing processes, and various drive systems. The main application areas are: power industry, railways, transportation, industrial control, and buildings.
4. Textile production control system based on fieldbus technology Informatization construction of the textile industry is the focus of the pursuit and construction of textile factories in the next few years, and the digital textile production system is its indispensable foundation. It will comprehensively improve the management level of textile factories, and will have a direct and obvious driving effect on the progress of the plant's technology, quality, economy, and services.
Digital textile machinery adopts modern advanced control technology: a CPU-based controller, a new drive technology based on power electronics technology, and a network and high-speed data communication technology represented by field bus technology. Realize accurate real-time data collection and high-speed transmission, realize distributed, on-site and anti-jamming performance enhancement, realize the automation and intelligence of the production process, complete the combination of textile machinery and modern advanced control technology, and provide information for textile enterprises The equipment layer lays a solid foundation.
According to the network connection structure, the enterprise network system is generally divided into four layers: the control layer, the monitoring layer, the management layer, and the information layer. The textile production information system based on fieldbus technology is shown in Figure 1.
Fieldbus control layer is a source of various production information. All kinds of cotton spinning, weaving, printing and dyeing machinery controllers have fieldbus communication interfaces. Through proper programming, the machine's operating data can be transmitted to the monitoring system in real time. The fieldbus monitoring layer completes plant level equipment inspection and control. Application of configuration software programming and fieldbus network, integration of a single machine control system in the workshop, clear and friendly man-machine interface to achieve the monitoring of the production status, production, and efficiency of the entire workshop equipment, and can also process parameters of the equipment Make unified settings, fault alarms, parameter records, display historical trends and real-time curves, generate and print various production reports. Management is a factory-level information management system. The control system can build a database through various buses and industrial networks in accordance with the needs of users. The data can be processed and sent to various management departments for data query, statistics, analysis and data reports. The fieldbus information layer integrates the control process, information management, and communication network to realize data sharing. When the relevant personnel log on to the Web server, they can monitor the operation of the equipment at the production site according to their respective rights.
5. Application case Because the field bus technology has unparalleled advantages in terms of reliability, openness, economy, and all-digital transmission, it has adapted to the high quality, low cost, small batch, multiple varieties, rapid response, and high efficiency of the modern textile industry. The need for low consumption and clean production. At present, fieldbus technology has begun to be applied in a large number of textile machinery equipment such as spinning, chemical fiber, woven, knitting, dyeing and finishing, and clothing, to simplify the composition of the production system and to form a flexible system. Production system; protect product quality and reduce production costs; promote integrated computerized production in the textile industry.
In the field of chemical fiber, weaving and dyeing and finishing equipment that adopts field bus technology introduced abroad, modular field devices of different manufacturers' standards are distributed in various parts of the machine, and they are assembled into special systems using control network integration technology. Hardware design becomes simple and clear, reducing wiring costs. For example, the G6300 rapier weaving machine introduced by SulzeTextile in Switzerland uses servomotors for the weft insertion, let-off, take-up, and selvedge in the machine. The main controller is a 32-bit multi-processor structure for each field device in the loom. The CAN fieldbus connection constitutes the control network. The woven condition setting and control data conversion of the fabric specifications can be controlled remotely or on-site. The AIRFLOWAFT dyeing machine introduced by THEN of Germany adopts the THEN-DYNET (TDN) control system of the LonWorks fieldbus control network structure. The air flow control valve, the water inlet and outlet valve, and the heat exchanger control valve of the machine are used to perform the dye bath temperature. Sensors such as fabric speeds are field devices with functional autonomy and are connected to the host PLC controller as a node in the complete machine control network.
Since 1993, China began to conduct field bus research, and in 1996 formally listed field bus technology research and product development as a national key scientific and technological project during the Ninth Five-Year Plan period. By 1998, there were some incomplete field bus OEMs. New product launch. The domestic textile machinery factory took the opportunity to actively introduce advanced fieldbus technology, combined with the functional characteristics of various types of textile machinery, and focused on the system integration of fieldbus products. For example, a four-motor driven roving machine developed by Shanghai Erfang Machinery Co., Ltd. uses a CAN bus. Large-capacity polyester spinning and post-processing production lines all use Profibus. Shanghai Pacific Electromechanical Group developed a 30,000-ton polyester staple fiber complete set of equipment and developed a fieldbus-based control system that has reached the advanced level of similar international products.
6. Concluding remarks Fieldbus technology is one of the hotspots in the field of automation in today's automation industry. Its appearance has revolutionized the traditional control system structure, making the automation system intelligent, digital, informational, networked, and distributed. The direction of development is to form a new type of network integrated full distributed control system—fieldbus control system. Fieldbus control system as the development direction of industrial automation provides a good opportunity for the automation field of China's textile industry. With the popularization of on-site industrial bus products, the cost of research and development, and the reduction of production costs, the on-site industrial bus products will be widely used in the textile industry automation system. On-site industrial bus system technology will be widely used in the textile automation and development.
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