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Product platinum group metal is generally the international market or spongy metal ingot, rod, sheet, strip there, filament or foil. Commercial grade products containing platinum group elements shall not be less than 99.8%, of which platinum and palladium must be greater than 99.5%. The platinum group metal raw materials used for the experimental vessels or electrical joints are required to have a purity greater than 99.9%, and the purity for thermocouples and pyrometers must be above 99.999%.
At present, China has comprehensively recovered platinum group metals associated with copper- nickel sulfide in the process of metallurgy. There are dozens of platinum group minerals in Jinchuan. Platinum minerals and platinum-containing mineral arsenic platinum mines, natural platinum intermetallic compound (platinum gold, platinum palladium ore) and the like, palladium, minerals and palladium-containing minerals palladium gold, monoclinic bismuth palladium ore, bismuth telluride Pd Ore With natural palladium containing palladium. Arsenic platinum ore and intermetallic compounds account for more than 90% of platinum minerals. The arsenic platinum ore has a particle size of 0.042 to 1 mm, and is most commonly found at 0.1 to 0.3 mm. Platinum in the form of minerals accounts for 92% to 99% in copper-nickel rich ore and 83% to 94% in lean ore. Palladium is also present in the form of minerals. Rhodium, iridium, osmium, ruthenium mainly contained in pyrrhotite, pentlandite, purple sulfur pentlandite and chalcopyrite (of more than 10 times the ore).
The beneficiation process of copper-nickel-rich ore is to use a rough selection to directly produce part of the qualified concentrate, and the second and third-stage rough-selected concentrates are selected in a concentrated process. Through reasonable ball milling, the appropriate cyclone is used to classify the particle size to less than 0.074 mm. In the first, second and third stages, 55%, 70% and 80%, respectively, increased the dissociation degree of mineral monomers. The recovery rate of Ni is stable at 89% to 90%, the recovery rate of Cu is 82% to 85%, the recovery rate of Pt and Pd is over 80%, and the enrichment ratio is 3-4 times. Ru, Rh, Os, Ir recovery rate is near
The lean ore adopts another set of processes. The recovery rate is 41% for Cu and 55% for Ni. However, the recovery rate of platinum group metals is not high. Except for the recovery rate of platinum of 70%, the other recovery rates are less than 50%.
The copper-nickel mixed concentrate is smelted by fire method, and is blown by a converter to obtain sorghum, so that the precious metal is trapped by the metal phase in the smelting stage. When the ratio of copper to nickel in sorghum is 0.3:1 and the alloy yield is 10%, more than 95% of the precious metal can be recovered therefrom. The precious metal content in the alloy is 10 times higher than that in the sorghum, and the alloy is treated to obtain a richer secondary copper-nickel alloy. The platinum group metal and gold content can reach 2500 g/t. The secondary alloy is leached with hydrochloric acid, and the potential is chlorinated to leaching copper and nickel. The bismuth metal and tetrachloroethylene are desulfurized by concentrated sulfuric acid leaching to obtain a precious metal concentrate of about 12% of platinum palladium, and further separated and purified by 70%.
Jinchuan Nonferrous Metals Co., Ltd. has a total smelting recovery of platinum and palladium of 50% to 60%, and smelting recovery of lanthanum, cerium, lanthanum and cerium is 30% to 40% (Jin Mingliang, 1997).
The use of platinum group metal minerals in low-grade platinum deposits requires another process. These platinum deposits are mainly arsenic platinum ore, followed by equiaxed palladium ore. The mineral has a small particle size (0.005~0.09mm) and is often closely associated with metal sulfides. Platinum and palladium have a certain content in silicate: 0.3 and 0.5 g/t in hornblende and 0.54 and 0.08 g/t in biotite , respectively. Copper ore, nickel and platinum group metal are low grade, no mining value; however, since the total component and manufacturing serpentine calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer composition which is similar gangue minerals, thus choose the appropriate phosphate rock ore and platinum The ratio is matched to the requirements for the production of calcium magnesium phosphate; the platinum group metal is recovered in the process of producing calcium magnesium phosphate.
Semi-industrial tests show that the metal recovery in the nickel-phosphorus iron is: Pt 97.5%, Pd 99.5%, Ni 86.54%, Cu 65.38%. The nickel-phosphorus iron is blown twice to produce a copper-nickel alloy containing 45.47% of Ni, 28% of Cu, 287.5 g/t of Pt, and 180 g/t of Pd. The total metal recovery for platinum ore was: Pt 92%, Pd 95%, Ni 78.1%, Cu 46.3%.
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