Caterpillar, the world's maker of construction machinery, relies on a real-time positioning system at a heavy equipment factory in Belgium to ensure the correct installation of hydraulic valves and hoses. When workers assemble hydraulic valves at the Caterpillar Belgium factory, they use tweezers to tighten the conduit (made of rubber and steel) to the valve. Valves - Installed on construction vehicles made by Caterpillar - the size of a car engine. To secure the catheter to the valve and to ensure proper valve operation, the worker must tighten the bolt with a specified amount of torque - about 300 Nm. Before using the RFID system, workers had been tightening the bolts manually with a tweezers and could not confirm that the torque reached the correct Newton meters. Caterpillar used the Protrac, a software system provided by DeJaeger Automation, a Belgian industrial software company, on the assembly line to track the assembly and corresponding staffing and assembly time for each part. The worker enters his ID code and details of the work to be performed on the software running on the container station PC, as well as the serial number of the planned installation component. Before using RFID, the tightness of the catheter installation can only be determined by the staff's judgment. The employee painted the part with the marking of the pigment and the visual connection closely. About 4,300 workers at the plant build medium and large excavators and wheel loaders. Caterpillar and DeJaeger met in 2008, Caterpillar project manager Degraux said the two companies decided to work together to develop a cost-effective RFID system. In December 2008, DeJaeger installed RFID readers in the main Caterpillar high-pressure hydraulic valve assembly area. The RFID system works with Protrac software. In the meantime, the company replaced the manual torsion pliers with 6 sets of electronic torsion pliers with active RFID tags. Each wrench is designed for a specific packing area and is preset for a specific torque. When the worker reaches the maximum valve preset force, the wrench starts ticking, indicating that the catheter is properly installed and the applied torque is transmitted to the corresponding PC. By applying RFID tags on each wrench, the real-time positioning system ensures that the correct wrench is used at the correct location.
Fixed Tube Heat Exchanger
Fixed tube heat exchanger consists of tube bundle, tube plate, shell, head, folded plate, etc. Tube bundle ends fixed in the tube plate, the tube can be expanded (the inner hole of the tube with mechanical expansion, so that the tube wall from the inward to outward extrusion and fixed in the tube plate) or welded to the tube plate. The tube bundle is placed within the tube shell, with headers and flanges fixed at both ends. In this way, one fluid flows from the inside of the tube and the other from the outside. The space between the two heads and the tube plate is used to distribute or collect the fluids inside the tube. The two fluids do not mix with each other, but only exchange heat through the tube wall.
Advantages: simple and compact structure, high pressure resistance, low cost and easy to clean the tube side.
Disadvantages: Risk of blockage when the tube is damaged or needs to be replaced.
When the difference between the wall temperature of the tube bundle and the shell or the coefficient of linear expansion of the material is large, a large thermal stress will be generated in the shell and the tube bundle. A flexible compensation ring (also called expansion joint) should be installed on the shell to reduce the thermal stress.
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Guangdong Jiema Energy Saving Technology Co.,Ltd , https://www.jmheatexchanger.com
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