Scientific "slimming" helps agricultural sustainable development

In the trial of arable land rotation for fallow, although Henan Province is not within the scope, it also faces problems such as excessive consumption of arable land and large use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. How to revitalize the land, experts pointed out: zero growth of fertilizer is a "shortcut."

Scientific "slimming" helps agricultural sustainable development

Can't you leave the fertilizer?

"A crop of flowers, all rely on fat to become a home," farmers of the land know the importance of fertilizer. In recent years, China's grain output has leapt to the world, and Henan's grain production has achieved “twelve consecutive increases”. Fertilizers play an important role in ensuring food production.

But behind the continued growth, the practice of ensuring food production by planting scale has not been completely changed, and the inefficiency of production still exists. In terms of chemical fertilizer utilization, for every ton of grain produced in China, the average fertilization is 250 kilograms, and the use of chemical fertilizers is nearly double that of European and American countries.

This problem has been plagued by chemical fertilizers? This problem has been plagued by Jin Liucheng, a farmer from Tangzhuang Village, Zhengyang Town, Zhengyang County: in the past, if you applied one or twenty kilograms of chemical fertilizer, you would have a good harvest, and now the effect of increasing the production of three or forty kilograms is not Obviously, the taste of the cucumbers produced is not as good as it used to be. Not only that, but the land has a tendency to tie.

Due to excessive fertilization, the quality of many cultivated land began to decline, affecting the yield and quality of crops, and even polluting soil and groundwater. Zhang Yuting, director of the Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resource Environment of the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, said: "While seeing the benefits of chemical fertilizers, we cannot avoid the problems caused by excessive application, blind application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides."

"In the case of tight resource elements and increasing environmental carrying pressure, the development of large-scale investment in resources and consumption of the environment has become unsustainable. It is necessary to change the mode of development and vigorously promote the application of scientific fertilization. Based on this, China The goal of zero growth in fertilizer use by 2020 is proposed,” said Tan Jinfang, a professor at Henan Agricultural University.

Fertilizer reduction, lack of fertilizer

Zhang Wenming is a farmer in Pingling Village, Sizhai Township, Yanjin County. He has transferred more than 1,000 mu of land. Last year, his corn yield was 980 kg. Zhang Wenming's high yield is due to the techniques of soil testing and fertilization, and the popularization of improved varieties. Yanjin County and the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences carried out joint construction activities. Under the guidance of the experts of the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the county agricultural technicians, he chose high-yield varieties, reduced the use of nitrogen fertilizer, and increased organic fertilizer to achieve increased production.

Soil testing and formula fertilization, land shortage and replenishment, not only improve the fertilizer utilization rate, but also reduce the environmental pollution caused by unscientific fertilization. It is understood that this year Henan Province will further promote the zero-growth action of chemical fertilizer use, and select 13 counties (cities, districts) in the province to carry out pilot projects for reducing fertilizer and increasing efficiency. Each county will receive 2.6 million yuan of project funding support to demonstrate The province's soil testing and formula fertilization work was carried out in an orderly manner.

The relevant person in charge of the Provincial Soil and Fertilizer Station introduced that this year Henan Province will focus on corn, vegetables and fruits with a large amount of fertilizer, vigorously promote the technology of reducing fertilizer and increasing efficiency, and promote the cooperation of agricultural enterprises to promote formula fertilizer activities and explore the implementation of formula fertilizer. Organic fertilizers are subsidized in the field to optimize the structure of fertilizer use.

Scientific reduction of "fertilizer" is more important

Zhang Fusuo, a professor at the College of Resources and Environment at China Agricultural University, said that fertilizer is the “food” of crops and its contribution to food production is 30% to 50%. If there is not enough fertilizer to support, the season crops will consume the nutrients accumulated for many years, and the harvest is unimaginable. Therefore, it is necessary to have a correct understanding of chemical fertilizers, and scientific and rational use is the key.

“Land reduction of fertilizer” is not simply to reduce fertilizer, but to reduce irrational fertilization and improve efficiency through various measures,” said Guan Fuxin, director of Henan Finance University Agricultural and Rural Development Research Center.

Land science reduction of "fertilizer" must work hard to stabilize food production, increase costs and increase efficiency. Han Yanlai, a professor at the College of Resources and Environment of Henan Agricultural University, suggested that classification management should be carried out according to the agricultural production conditions in different regions, the status and problems of fertilizer application, the level of soil fertility, and the fertilizer characteristics of the main crop varieties, and the target of fertilizer control under different conditions should be formulated. task.

The relevant person in charge of the Provincial Department of Agriculture said that the Ministry of Agriculture proposed to achieve the zero growth target of fertilizer use by 2020. Henan Province will implement the grain-based and grain-saving technology strategy and support the national food security with the support of national policies. It does not affect the income of farmers, and promotes the sustainable development of agriculture by vigorously promoting the reduction of fertilizers and increasing efficiency.

(Original title: Gradually reduce the use of chemical fertilizers to promote sustainable development of agriculture)