The Effect of Soil Temperature on the Growth of Cotton

Soil temperature is an important environmental factor that directly or indirectly affects plant growth and development. Many physiological processes (such as stomatal conductance, transpiration, transmission of nutrients, and absorption of carbon dioxide) are closely related to temperature. Higher soil temperatures can alter root growth, respiration, and nutrient uptake, which in turn affect bud physiology. A multi-point soil temperature and humidity recorder can be used to determine soil temperature. In addition, soil moisture can also be measured.

Higher soil temperatures, external mechanical resistance, and lower matrix potential are the main causes of poor germination, low seedling emergence, and low seedling establishment. It has been reported that low soil temperatures coupled with a high-humidity environment can cause the soil to breed pathogens that cause the knock-out of cotton seedlings. Improper root zone temperatures can cause shoot water deficits by altering the balance between root water uptake and shoot water consumption. When the amount of water lost by the seedling exceeds the amount of water it absorbs, the leaf pressure will drop, which can directly limit the growth of the leaf and close the stomata, thereby reducing the photosynthetic efficiency.

Plant root growth is very sensitive to changes in soil temperature, and each species has an optimal temperature range for root development. The optimum temperature for root development and activity is usually determined based on their combined effects on root dryness, length, meristem, nutrient uptake, water uptake, and microbial interactions.

If the soil temperature is too different from the optimum temperature, the structure and function of the root system may change. At low temperatures the roots grow small and have few branches. The optimum temperature range for the highest yield of cotton root material is 28-32Â°C. In addition, there is a reference temperature for each plant growth. According to measurements, the reference temperature of cotton is 15.4Â°C. However, in semi-arid tropical regions, high temperatures are more interesting than low temperatures. The use of a soil temperature and humidity recorder to determine changes in soil temperature at any time is conducive to a better and more comprehensive understanding of the temperature requirements of cotton growth in different periods.

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