0引言
矿井通风系统是井下安全生产的é‡è¦ä¿éšœï¼Œæ˜¯ç¡®ä¿äº•下作业人员生命安全ã€ä¿ƒè¿›ä¼ä¸šé«˜æ•ˆç”Ÿäº§çš„先决æ¡ä»¶ï¼»1-3]。éšç€çŸ¿äº•呿·±éƒ¨å¼€é‡‡ï¼Œè®¸å¤šçŸ¿å±±ä¼ä¸šåŽŸæœ‰çš„é€šé£Žç³»ç»Ÿå·²ç»ä¸èƒ½æ»¡è¶³å®‰å…¨ç”Ÿäº§è¦æ±‚ï¼»4-5]。
    湖å—黄金洞矿业有é™è´£ä»»å…¬å¸ä½äºŽæ¹–å—çœå¹³æ±ŸåŽ¿é»„é‡‘æ´žä¹¡å¢ƒå†…ï¼Œæ˜¯é›†é‡‡ã€é€‰ä¸ºä¸€ä½“的大型矿山ä¼ä¸šï¼Œä¸»è¦äº§å“为金精矿[6ï¼½ã€‚å…¬å¸æ‰€å±žé‡‘塘矿段已有较长的开采历å²ï¼Œä¹‹å‰ä¸€ç›´åˆ©ç”¨ä¸»ã€å‰¯æ–œäº•åŠä¸Žåœ°è¡¨ç›¸é€šçš„采空区高差形æˆçš„自然通风系统æœåŠ¡äºŽäº•ä¸‹ç”Ÿäº§ï¼Œéšç€çŸ¿äº•呿·±éƒ¨å»¶å±•,自然通风系统已ç»è¶Šæ¥è¶Šä¸èƒ½æ»¡è¶³å®‰å…¨ç”Ÿäº§å¯¹é€šé£Žçš„éœ€æ±‚ã€‚æœ¬ç ”ç©¶åœ¨å‰–æžåŽŸæœ‰é€šé£Žç³»ç»Ÿé—®é¢˜çš„å‰æä¸‹ï¼Œæå‡ºäº†é€‚用于本矿井的分区è”åˆé€šé£Žç³»ç»Ÿæ”¹é€ 方案,并在生产实践ä¸å–得了良好的效果。
1矿山原通风系统和å˜åœ¨çš„问题
    黄金洞金矿金塘矿段自投入生产以æ¥ï¼Œä¸€ç›´æœªå»ºç«‹å®Œæ•´çš„æœºæ¢°é€šé£Žç³»ç»Ÿï¼Œä»…利用原有的主斜井ã€ç›²å‰¯æ–œäº•åŠä¸Žåœ°è¡¨è´¯é€šçš„采空区形æˆçš„å—æ°”候æ¡ä»¶å½±å“大的自然通风系统,工作é¢é€šé£Žåˆ™é‡‡ç”¨å±€æ‰‡å°†é£Žé€å…¥å·¥ä½œé¢ã€‚ç»æµ‹å®šï¼Œæ€»è¿›é£Žé‡ä¸º15m3/s,该风é‡å·²è¿œä¸èƒ½æ»¡è¶³ç”Ÿäº§éœ€æ±‚,近æ¥ï¼Œäº•下已多处出现通风ä¸è‰¯çŽ°è±¡ã€‚åŒæ—¶ï¼Œè‡ªç„¶é€šé£Žç³»ç»Ÿä¸èƒ½æŽ§åˆ¶ç³»ç»Ÿå†…ç¨³å®šçš„é£Žæµæµå‘ï¼Œéšæ°”候å˜åŒ–,还出现风æµåå‘现象,原有通风系统已ä¸èƒ½é€‚åº”çŸ¿å±±å®‰å…¨ç”Ÿäº§è¦æ±‚。
    原通风系统å˜åœ¨çš„主è¦é—®é¢˜æœ‰:
    (1)简易的自然通风系统通风风é‡å°‘,且ä¸ç¨³å®šï¼Œéšå¤©æ°”å˜åŒ–而å˜åŒ–ï¼Œå½“æ˜¥å¤æˆ–ç§‹å†¬åœ°é¢æ¸©åº¦å’Œäº•下温度基本一致时,井下自然通风的风é‡å°†å¾ˆå°‘,远ä¸èƒ½æ»¡è¶³é€šé£Žé™å°˜å’ŒæŽ’ç‚®çƒŸçš„è¦æ±‚。
    (2)自然通风éšå¤©æ°”å˜åŒ–,其风压大å°ã€é£Žæµæ–¹å‘也éšä¹‹å‘生å˜åŒ–,导致风æµã€é£Žé‡éš¾ä»¥æŽ§åˆ¶ã€‚
    (3)采场大都采用局扇通风,污风有时åˆå›žåˆ°è¿›é£Žé“ï¼Œåœ¨è‡ªç„¶é£ŽåŽ‹ä½œç”¨ä¸‹é£Žæµæ— åºæµåŠ¨ï¼Œå¸¸å½¢æˆå¾ªçŽ¯é£Žæµï¼Œæ±¡é£Žä¹±ä¸²ï¼Œè‡´ä½¿é£Žè´¨å·®ï¼Œæ— æ³•å½¢æˆæœ‰ç»„织的进回风系统。
2通风系统改é€
2.1é€šé£Žç³»ç»Ÿæ”¹é€ æ–¹æ¡ˆ
Â Â Â Â æ ¹æ®çŸ¿äº•é€šé£Žæ”¹é€ éµå¾ªçš„原则并结åˆçŸ¿å±±å®žé™…,æå‡ºå¹¶å®žæ–½äº†æ–°çš„é€šé£Žç³»ç»Ÿæ”¹é€ æ–¹æ¡ˆã€‚
    (1)该矿井当å‰çš„自然通风方å¼ä¸èƒ½æ»¡è¶³å®‰å…¨ç”Ÿäº§å¯¹é€šé£Žè¦æ±‚,必须采用机械通风,为了便于管ç†ï¼Œå‡å°‘入风井æ¼é£Žï¼Œå®œé‡‡ç”¨æŠ½å‡ºå¼é€šé£Žç³»ç»Ÿã€‚
    (2)充分利用3æ¡çŸ¿è„‰å·²å½¢æˆçš„äº•å··å·¥ç¨‹å¸ƒç½®å’Œé€šé£Žäº•å··å·¥ç¨‹ï¼ŒåŒæ—¶ä¸ºç¡®ä¿ä¸»è¦è¿è¾“å··é“ä¸å—污染,采用分区è”åˆé€šé£Žæ–¹æ¡ˆï¼Œå³3å·è„‰ä¸ºä¸€ä¸ªé€šé£Žåˆ†åŒº(1å·é€šé£Žåˆ†åŒº),1å·è„‰ä¸ºä¸€ä¸ªé€šé£Žåˆ†åŒº(2å·é€šé£Žåˆ†åŒº),301å·è„‰ä¸ºä¸€ä¸ªé€šé£Žåˆ†åŒº(3å·é€šé£Žåˆ†åŒº),3å·è„‰çš„东部和301å·è„‰çš„西部共用通往地表的回风系统,3å·è„‰çš„西部和1å·è„‰å…±ç”¨é€šå¾€åœ°è¡¨çš„回风系统,3å·è„‰å’Œ301å·è„‰å…±ç”¨è¿›é£Žç³»ç»Ÿã€‚采用分区è”åˆé€šé£Žç³»ç»Ÿå…·æœ‰é£Žè·¯çŸã€é˜»åŠ›å°ã€ç½‘络简å•ã€é£Žæµæ˜“于控制ç‰ä¼˜ç‚¹ã€‚
    (3)在ä¿è¯å®Œæˆé‡‡æŽ˜è®¡åˆ’çš„å‰æä¸‹ï¼Œå°½å¯èƒ½ç¼©çŸç”Ÿäº§æˆ˜çº¿ï¼Œç”Ÿäº§ä¸æ®µé›†ä¸åœ¨2~3ä¸ªä¸æ®µè¿›è¡Œä½œä¸šï¼Œä»¥åˆ©äºŽçŸ¿äº•安全生产ã€é€šé£Žç®¡ç†å’Œé£Žé‡çš„åˆç†è°ƒé…。
    (4)åœ¨å……åˆ†åˆ©ç”¨åŽŸæœ‰äº•å··çš„åŸºç¡€ä¸Šï¼Œä¸æ®µé€šé£Žç½‘è·¯åœ¨ä¸¥æ ¼éµå®ˆé‡‡çŸ¿é¡ºåºåŸºç¡€ä¸Šç¡®å®šä¸ºä¸Šè¡Œé˜¶æ¢¯å¼é€šé£Žç½‘è·¯ï¼Œå½“é‡‡ç”¨å¤šä¸æ®µä½œä¸šä¸èƒ½å½¢æˆä¸Šè¡Œé˜¶æ¢¯é€šé£Žç½‘路时,å¯ç»“åˆçŸ¿å±±ç”Ÿäº§å®žé™…采用上下行间隔å¼é€šé£Žç½‘路。
    (5)为了æžå¥½é€šé£Žå®‰å…¨æŠ€æœ¯ç®¡ç†ï¼Œå¿…é¡»å»ºç«‹é€šé£Žå®‰å…¨ç®¡ç†æœºæž„,é…备必è¦çš„仪器设备ã€é€šé£Žå®‰å…¨ç®¡ç†äººå‘˜ã€‚
(6)æ ¹æ®æœ¬çŸ¿çš„å…·ä½“æƒ…å†µï¼Œä¸ºäº†åº”æ€¥å¤„ç†æ„外安全事故,需è¦é…备矿井安全救护器æï¼Œå®Œå–„事故应急救æ´é¢„案和相关设施。
    分区è”åˆé€šé£Žæ–¹æ¡ˆç¤ºæ„图如图1所示,新鲜风从斜井或者盲斜井进入å„䏿®µï¼Œæµç»é‡‡åœºåŽå½¢æˆæ±¡é£Žï¼Œæ±¡é£Žæ±‡èšåˆ°å›žé£Žäº•,最åŽåˆ©ç”¨é£ŽæœºæŠ½å‡ºå›žé£Žäº•ä¸çš„æ±¡é£Žï¼Œå°†å…¶æŽ’到地表外。
2.2é€šé£Žå‚æ•°è®¡ç®—
    (1)总风é‡ã€‚矿段所需风é‡é‡‡ç”¨åˆ†é¡¹è®¡ç®—得出,总风é‡è®¡ç®—å…¬å¼ä¸º:
Â
å¼ä¸ï¼ŒQt为矿井总风é‡ï¼Œm3/s;QS为采场所需风é‡ï¼Œm3/s;QC为备用采场所需风é‡ï¼Œm3/s;Qdä¸ºæŽ˜è¿›å·¥ä½œé¢æ‰€éœ€é£Žé‡ï¼Œm3/s;Qr为å„ç±»ç¡å®¤æ‰€éœ€é£Žé‡ï¼Œm3/s;k为矿井风é‡å¤‡ç”¨ç³»æ•°ï¼Œå–k=1.25,考虑æ¼é£Žç³»æ•°å–1.25。3个通风分区的总有效风é‡å’Œæ€»é£Žé‡è§è¡¨1。
    (2)é€šé£Žé˜»åŠ›ã€‚é£Žæµæµç»çš„线路为:入风å£â€”â€”â€”æ–œäº•æˆ–é€šé£Žå¹³å··â€”â€”â€”ä¸æ®µçŸ³é—¨â€”——脉外通风è¿è¾“大巷———穿脉———顺路天井———采场工作é¢â€”â€”â€”å›žé£Žå¤©äº•â€”â€”â€”å›žé£Žç©¿è„‰â€”â€”â€”ä¸æ®µå›žé£Žé“———通风天井———地表。通风阻力计算ä¸å…¶æ‘©æ“¦é˜»åŠ›æŒ‰ä¸‹å¼è®¡ç®—:
å¼ä¸ï¼Œhf为井巷摩擦阻力,Pa;α为井巷摩擦阻力系数,N·s2/m4;L为井巷长度,m;P为井巷周边长度,m;S为井巷æ–é¢ç§¯ï¼Œm2;Qä¸ºäº•å··ä¸æµè¿‡çš„风é‡ï¼Œm3/s。
    总局部阻力和æ£é¢é˜»åŠ›æŒ‰æ‘©æ“¦é˜»åŠ›çš„20%进行计算。计算得出通风容易时期和困难时期3个通风分区的通风阻力如表2所示。
    (3)è‡ªç„¶é£ŽåŽ‹ã€‚å› å®¹æ˜“æ—¶æœŸè‡ªç„¶é£ŽåŽ‹ä¸å¯å¿½ç•¥ï¼Œæ•…é¡»è®¡ç®—å›°éš¾æ—¶æœŸå’Œå®¹æ˜“æ—¶æœŸçš„è‡ªç„¶é£ŽåŽ‹ï¼Œå› H>100mï¼ŒæŒ‰ç‰æ¸©è¿‡ç¨‹è®¡ç®—:
Â
Â
å¼ä¸ï¼ŒKä¸ºæ ¡æ£ç³»æ•°ï¼ŒK=(1+Z)/10000;P0为当地井å£å¤§æ°”压力,Pa,å–750mmHg柱;T1,T2ä¸ºè¿›é£Žäº•ã€æŽ’é£Žäº•ç©ºæ°”æŸ±å¹³å‡ç»å¯¹æ¸©åº¦ï¼ŒK;Z为井的深度,m。
    在通风容易时期,1å·è„‰äº•æ·±344m,3å·è„‰1å·æ–œäº•以西部分井深394m,3å·è„‰1å·æ–œäº•以东部分井深400m,301å·è„‰äº•æ·±440m;在通风困难时期,1å·è„‰äº•æ·±404m,3å·è„‰1å·æ–œäº•以西部分井深514m,3å·è„‰1å·æ–œäº•以东部分井深520m,301å·è„‰äº•æ·±520m。通风容易和困难时期的自然风压计算结果如表3所示。
2.3主扇风机选择
    (1)风机风é‡çš„计算公å¼ä¸º:
å¼ä¸ï¼ŒQ为风机风é‡m3/sï¼›Q为矿井所需风é‡m3/sï¼›k为通风装置的风é‡å¤‡ç”¨å’Œæ¼é£Žç³»æ•°ï¼Œå–k=1.1。
    (2)主扇风机全压的计算公å¼ä¸º:
Â
Â
å¼ä¸ï¼Œhf为扇风机全压,Pa;ht为矿井总阻力,Pa;Hn为与扇风机作用相å的自然风压,Pa;hr为扇风机装置阻力之和,å–hr=150Pa;hv为风æµåˆ°å¤§æ°”出å£çš„动压æŸå¤±(作用很å°å¯å¿½ç•¥),Pa。
    由于3个通风分区的困难时期的风é‡è¾ƒå¤§ï¼Œé£Žæœºé€‰æ‹©æ—¶å‡ä»¥é€šé£Žå›°é𾿗¶æœŸé˜»åŠ›è®¡ç®—ç»“æžœä¸ºä¾æ®ï¼Œ3个通风分区在容易时期和困难时期的风机风é‡å’Œé£Žæœºå…¨åŽ‹è§è¡¨4。
    (3)ä¸»æ‰‡é£Žæœºç¡®å®šã€‚æ ¹æ®3个通风分区主扇风机计算的风é‡å’Œé£ŽåŽ‹ï¼Œ3个分区的风é‡è™½ç„¶ä¸åŒï¼Œä½†é€šé£Žé˜»åŠ›åŸºæœ¬ç›¸åŒï¼Œä¸ºä¾¿äºŽç®¡ç†å’Œé£Žæœºå·¥å†µä¸€è‡´ï¼Œé¿å…风机相互干扰,å–3个分区的风机型å·ä¸€è‡´ï¼Œä¸ºDK45ï¼6ï¼No16型矿用节能通风机,转速为980r/min。
3é€šé£Žç³»ç»Ÿæ”¹é€ åŽçš„应用效果
Â Â Â Â æœ¬æ¬¡é€šé£Žç³»ç»Ÿæ”¹é€ é‡‡ç”¨é«˜æ•ˆèŠ‚èƒ½è½´æµé£Žæœºï¼Œæœ‰æ•ˆæé«˜äº†çŸ¿äº•风é‡å’ŒæŽ§åˆ¶é£Žæµæ–¹å‘,彻底消除了自然通风带æ¥çš„é£ŽæµæŽ§åˆ¶å›°éš¾ã€é£Žé‡å°ã€æœ‰å®³æ°”体排出缓慢的问题,能适应矿井ä¸åŒç”Ÿäº§æ—¶æœŸçš„需è¦ã€‚é€šé£Žç³»ç»Ÿæ”¹é€ åŽäº•下å„工作é¢ç©ºæ°”ä¸COã€CO2æœ‰æ¯’æœ‰å®³æ°”ä½“æµ“åº¦ä¸ºå›½å®¶æ ‡å‡†è§„å®šé™åˆ¶ä»¥ä¸‹ï¼Œæ¶ˆé™¤äº•ä¸‹ç”Ÿäº§çš„å®‰å…¨éšæ‚£ã€‚ç²‰å°˜æµ“åº¦è¾¾åˆ°æ ‡å‡†é™åˆ¶ä»¥ä¸‹çš„åˆæ ¼çŽ‡è¶…è¿‡80%,é™ä½ŽçŸ¿å·¥èŒä¸šç—…å‘病率,ä¿éšœçŸ¿å·¥çš„生命和身体å¥åº·ï¼Œæé«˜ä½œä¸šæ•ˆçŽ‡ï¼Œå…·æœ‰è¾ƒå¥½çš„ç¤¾ä¼šæ•ˆç›Šå’Œé—´æŽ¥çš„ç»æµŽæ•ˆç›Šã€‚
4结论
Â Â Â Â é’ˆå¯¹é‡‘å¡˜çŸ¿æ®µåŽŸæœ‰çŸ¿äº•é€šé£Žç½‘ç»œå’Œç”Ÿäº§çŠ¶å†µï¼Œå¯¹å…¶è¿›è¡Œé€šé£Žç³»ç»Ÿæ”¹é€ ã€‚ä¸ºäº†å……åˆ†åˆ©ç”¨å·²ç»å½¢æˆçš„井巷工程和通风井巷工程,确定采用分区è”åˆé€šé£Žæ–¹æ¡ˆï¼Œå„分区的风机å‡ä¸ºDK45ï¼6ï¼No16型轴æµé£Žæœºã€‚é€šé£Žç³»ç»Ÿæ”¹é€ å®ŒæˆåŽï¼Œé€šé£Žé‡èƒ½æ»¡è¶³æŽ’å°˜å’ŒæŽ’ç‚®çƒŸçš„è¦æ±‚,矿井通风质é‡å¾—到改善,通风系统能适应矿井ä¸åŒæ—¶æœŸé€šé£Žå®‰å…¨çš„需è¦ã€‚该方案有效å‡å°‘新掘专用通风工程,å–å¾—äº†è‰¯å¥½çš„ç»æµŽæ•ˆç›Šï¼ŒåŒæ—¶ï¼Œä¹Ÿä¸ºç±»ä¼¼çŸ¿äº•çš„é€šé£Žç³»ç»Ÿæ”¹é€ æä¾›æ–°çš„æ€è·¯ã€‚
å‚考文献:
ï¼»1]詹俊,刘祖文,朱易春,ç‰ï¼ŽæŸé‡‘属矿矿井通风系统测定与评价[J].有色金属(矿山部分),2015(01):74-76,94.
ï¼»2]罗俊æ°ï¼Œå‘¨å»ºåºï¼Žé”¡çŸ¿å±±å—矿矿井通风特点åŠé¢ä¸´çš„问题与对ç–ï¼»J].采矿技术,2008,8(01):81-83.
ï¼»3ï¼½å´å—£å…´ï¼Œå´ç‚œï¼Œç„¦é”‹ï¼ŽçŸ¿å±±é€šé£Žç³»ç»Ÿæ”¹é€ 的探讨[J].山东工业技术,2015(11):81,149.
ï¼»4]康å®ä¼Ÿï¼ŒçŽ‹è´»æ˜Žï¼Œå´çˆ±ç¥¥ï¼Œç‰ï¼ŽæŸçŸ¿æ·±éƒ¨å¼€æ‹“夿‚通风系统优化[Jï¼½ï¼ŽçŸ¿ä¸šç ”ç©¶ä¸Žå¼€å‘,2013,33(01):80-83.
ï¼»5]安文æ°ï¼Œè´ 建林.龙首矿主扇通风方å¼çš„选择[J].采矿技术,2012,12(01):30-31,56.
ï¼»6ï¼½å†¯å£¹ï¼Œåˆ˜æ–¹æ±‚ï¼Œéƒ‘å‰‘æ´ªï¼Žéš¾é‡‡åŽšå¤§ç ´ç¢ŽçŸ¿ä½“é‡‡çŸ¿æ–¹æ³•è¯•éªŒç ”ç©¶ï¼»J].采矿技术,2011,11(06):9-10,29.
æ–‡ç« æ¥æºï¼šã€Šé‡‡çŸ¿æŠ€æœ¯ã€‹ï¼š2016,16(3);
ç‰ˆæƒæ‰€æœ‰ï¼š
Single hook electric Cable Hoist , monorails, single speed Electric Hoist or electric single speed hoist crane,
and used for the industrial remote control which are under 6 connection
1. Our History:
LITE Crane Co., LTD has focused on top quality Crane Parts for over 14 years in China. We started as a small operation, but now have become one of the leading suppliers in the crane industry in China.
Today, LITE Crane Co., LTD has been one of the top producers of quality crane and crane parts, such as: electric hoist, single, double girder bridge, gantry, grab, casting, explosion-proof crane series and accessories.
2. Our Factory:
LITE Crane Co., LTD is located in Xinxiang, Henan Province China. The company covers an area of 680 thousand square meters and owns more than 2700 employees. The annual sales of LITE Crane Co., LTD is 1.6 billion USD, there are more than 600 sales agencies at home and abroad and more than 180 middle& senior engineering and technical personnel who are in charge of design and development of all products and also own the development center of their new technology and products.
3.Our Product:
Our Products includes the following:
1, Crane accessories
2, Electric hoist
3, Single - beam cranes
4, Double - beam cranes
5, Bridge Crane
6, Gantry Crane
7.Lifting equipment and accessories
We supply crane products all over the globe to a wide range of companies worldwide.
4.Product Application:
The products are widely used in the following industry, such as power plants, nuclear power, water conservancy, tunnels, bridges, petrochemical, metallurgy, construction, open-air warehouse, wharf, workshop ...
5.Our Certificate:
Our company is a member of China Crane Association and vice chairman company of China Heavy Machinery Association. It owns the production licenses of electric hoist, single & double-girder crane, the safety of the approval certificate of manufacturing, installation and maintenance, the safety approval certificate of the manufacturing of 320T bridge crane, portal crane and 280Tcasting crane.
The company has passed the quality system certification of GB/T19001 -2008/IS09001:2008, the environmental management system certification of GB/T24001-2004/ISO14001:2004 and the occupational health and safety management system certification GB/T28001-2001.
6.Production Equipment:
There are 1600 units of all kinds of processing equipment which can independently accomplish all the processes such as milling, digging, grinding, pulling, boring, rolling, drilling, punching, cutting, bending, welding, testing and heat treatment.
7.Production Market:
Our products are sold to more than 30 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China, and also exported to Australia, Vietnam, India, Thailand and some Southeast Asian countries. The annual sales of double-girder and portal cranes is more than 3600 units, more than 23000 units single-girder cranes, about 23000 units single-girder & double-girder electric hoist and accessories. The production and sales of the single-girder cranes has lead the nation for seven consecutive years and the per capita output and economic benefits are among the best in the same industry.
8.Our service:
Besides our existing molded products, LITECrane Co., LTD also can produce products according to the drawings or samples from our customers. We control the product quality critically for every step during the manufacturing from custom.
Crane Controls,Remote Control Crane,Crane Remote Control,Hoist Control
Shandong Lite Electrical Co.,Ltd , http://www.chinacranegroup.com