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1 Introduction
Huo within boast the same Rostock Parra, Peru under the US-owned copper companies. The mine is located in the province of Augusta in the Moquegua district of southern Peru. It is 90km from Ilo Port in the west, 25km from the Tokpara Mine in the southeast, and has an altitude of 3800m and an average of 3,450m. It is the largest exposed copper mine in Peru.
The census began in 1942, and the exploration was supplemented from 1965 to 1969. The ore reserves were 475 Mt, with an average of 1% Cu. Infrastructure began in 1970 and the total amount of stripping was 250Mt. The mine was officially put into operation in 1976.
The design capacity of the plant is 40kt/d, and has reached 46kt/d after 1980. The plant has room to develop to 75kt/d.
2. Deposits, ores and mining
The deposit is actually a large ore field with the Tokpara and Gaiavic deposits and is the main body of the South Peru copper- molybdenum belt. The proven ore reserves of the Kwahoone deposit are 475 Mt, with an average of 1% copper, of which 84% are primary ores and 16% are secondary rich ore.
The genesis of the deposit: the Tertiary diorite , the granodiorite and the quartz monzonite porphyry, the quartz coarse porphyry, and the andesite intrusion into the bottom volcanic rock, producing strong wall rock alteration and mineralization. The breccia belt after mineralization is distributed along the northwest direction along the Quawhorn fault. However, only the breccia fragments in the ore-forming area constitute the ore. The ore-bearing rock mass is an acid-to-neutral multiple intrusive complex. For example, the early ore-bearing rock mass is diorite and granodiorite, and the rock mass in the main metallogenic period is quartz monzonite and quartz coarse porphyry, which is a small rock mass with an area of ​​only 0.5 km 2 . Among them, the rock with the most ore is quartz coarse porphyry.
The ore body is elliptical in shape, with a long axis of 1200m and a width of 1000M. In the cross section, it is in the shape of an inverted cone, which slopes gently to the west and gradually disappears in the deep. The ore body is relatively uniform to both sides and deep, and the alteration strength and fracture degree are consistent. The upper part of the ore body is an oxidized zone and a secondary enrichment zone, but they are not thick and have been mined. The main part is the lower primary ore belt, which controls the depth to be more than 400m.
Primary sulfide ore main minerals: pyrite, chalcopyrite, in an amount ratio of 1: 1, 1: 2, the depth was 15: 1. There are also a certain number of copper ore, a small amount of copper ore, molybdenite and so on. The molybdenum ore is irregularly distributed, mainly filled between quartz particles, and is also finely dispersed in quartz veins. Open pit mining.
3. Mineral processing technology
(1) Crushing: A three-stage, one-closed process with pre-screening, as shown in Figure 1. Pre-screening is to improve the screening efficiency and output, and a double-layer vibrating screen is selected to combine the two-layer sieve products into the next-stage crusher .
Figure 1 Quakerine crushing process
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(2) Copper-molybdenum mixed flotation: The mixed flotation process is shown in Figure 2; it uses a process of coarse grinding, coarse refining, two selections, and one fine sweeping. The uniqueness of the plant selection is to use the process of rough selection of mineral mud and ore sand in order to solve the characteristics of high ore soft content.
Figure 2 Quakerine copper-molybdenum mixed flotation process
(3) Mud-sand sorting: the coarse grinding cyclone overflow (60%-200) is sent to nine D10LB Krebs cyclones and then graded, overflow (mud): fineness 95%-200 Head, concentration 20%, pulp yield 50%; grit (sand): fineness 30%-100 mesh, concentration 40%, pulp yield 50%.
The ore was coarsely selected in 22 sets of 2.23m 3 Akitel flotation machines using an ether alcohol foaming agent (dao-250). The slime was coarsely selected in 14 8.5m 3 Wemco flotation machines. The mud and sand rough concentrate will be merged into the next operation, and the tailings will be discarded.
The copper-molybdenum mixed flotation of mud sand separation, the recovery rate of molybdenum operation can reach 80% (67.13% in the first nine months of 1980, 80% in the last few months), and the copper recovery rate is increased by 2% compared with the unsorted ~3%.
(4) Copper-molybdenum separation: two stages of re-grinding and five selective processes using concentration, scrubbing, steam heat treatment. In order to further remove copper and filter the five concentrates, sodium cyanide is immersed to remove the copper ore and copper blue. The process is shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3 Quakerine copper-molybdenum sorting process
4. Mineral processing agent
(1) Copper-molybdenum mixed flotation (g/t): Z-14 (isobutyl xanthate) dosage 13.6, Z-200 7.3, ether alcohol foaming agent (dao-250) 5.4 (only for ore) . Acorfroth 73-538-Y (synthetic foaming agent) 18.2, lime 2000~2700, flocculant (Poly Hall M-59) 2.7.
(2) Copper-molybdenum separation (measured per ton of copper-molybdenum mixed concentrate, kg/t): Anamol-D ( arsenic -Knox) ​​7.5 (scrubbing, selection), NaCNl.0 (selected, Leaching), Exform 636 (about 60% mineral oil) 0.26 (rough, 1 to 6 fine), fuel oil 0.08 (scrub, regrind).
5, mineral processing indicators
The ore processing capacity is 46kt/d, grade 1.4% Cu, 0.019% Mo; copper-molybdenum mixed concentrate grade (0.688% MoS 2 ) 0.315% Mo, 38% Cu; recovery rate 64.60% Mo, 85% Cu; molybdenum concentrate Grade 55.20% Mo (91.97% MoS 2 ), 1.07% Cu (before dipping), <0.3% Cu (after immersion), 85.69% of molybdenum recovery, total 55.36%; copper concentrate grade 38.37% Cu, all The copper recovery rate is 83.54%, and the copper sulfide recovery rate is 90.03%.
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