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In October 2017, the Fire Department of the Ministry of Public Security issued the "Guiding Opinions on Comprehensively Promoting the Construction of "Smart Fire Protection", which pointed out that it is necessary to comprehensively use emerging information technologies such as the Internet of Things, cloud computing, big data, and mobile Internet to accelerate the construction of smart fire protection. , Comprehensively promote the in-depth integration of informatization and firefighting operations, comprehensively improve the social fire prevention and control capabilities, firefighting and emergency rescue capabilities, and team management levels, and realize the transition from "traditional firefighting" to "modern firefighting".
Over the past three years, the construction of smart fire protection has been fruitful. Although the construction level of various regions is uneven, the model is basically the same. It is roughly divided into three aspects: one is the information construction of fire hazard management, and the other is the intelligent construction of emergency rescue. The third is the construction of refined management.
1. The application of intelligent fire protection information technology in the management of fire hazards
(1) Remote monitoring technology real-time intelligent supervision of fire safety
Traditional fire protection status: Under the traditional fire protection supervision and inspection mode, fire supervisors inspect and test the fire equipment of various units in the jurisdiction, which is time-consuming, low in efficiency, and costly, and cannot timely and accurately control the operation of a wide range of fire equipment.
Smart fire protection application: The fire remote monitoring system based on smart fire information technology uses the Internet of Things and big data technology to remotely monitor the fire protection facilities of the networked units in real time, and feed back the operation status of the automatic fire protection facilities of the inspection unit to the database in real time. When a fire-fighting facility fails, the system will promptly feedback the failure information to the fire-fighting department and the person in charge of fire safety in social units, and the fire-fighting department will urge them to make timely rectification in place to ensure the efficient operation of fire-fighting facilities.
The remote monitoring technology can also monitor the on-duty status of the fire control room staff in real time. The data module sets the time or irregular time to view the on-duty screen of the fire control room, and saves it as evidence of fire supervision and administrative enforcement. With the continuous advancement and breakthrough of mobile APP technology, the screens of fire supervision and inspection are not limited to the monitoring and recording on the computer side. Mobile monitoring can also be achieved with the help of mobile APP, breaking the time and space limitations of monitoring.
In addition, the remote monitoring technology also played a very important role in the “passage of life†intensive attack carried out by the Fire and Rescue Bureau in January 2020. The fire department installs surveillance cameras at life passages such as fire lanes and climbing work surfaces and connects to the fire remote monitoring system to monitor whether there is occupation or blockage of the "life passage". Once the occupation or blockage is detected, The pictures will be quickly collected and fed back to local grid personnel and fire protection agencies to urge those who violate the law to rectify immediately.
(2) Fire eye model technology to predict fire risk
The fire eye model developed based on intelligent fire protection information technology is to predict the fire risk probability of a unit building in the next 3 months through machine learning of massive data of urban historical fires, unit building conditions, common fire hazards, and violations. The fire eye model application system sends the analysis results three months in advance to the units where the top 5% of the buildings are in the fire risk ranking and the institutions responsible for their supervision, which will greatly improve the pertinence of fire hazard investigation and remediation.
Take Hohhot as an example. In 2017, there were 163 fires in the 96,000 units entered into the Fire Eye system, a decrease of 163 cases, a decrease of 31%, and an average weekly decrease of 3.1 cases. Compared with 2017, there were 71 cases in 2018, a decrease of 16.9%, and an average of 1.4 cases per week.
On the other hand, in the past, the focus of fire protection supervision was mostly on key fire safety units. For some units whose business licenses are frequently changed or whose business scale is unstable, they often have more than enough energy. The fire eye model technology is based on the basic information of social units. With the continuous development of this technology, it will also promote the continuous improvement of basic information in the fire supervision system and promote social units to implement fire safety responsibilities.
(3) Data research and judgment technology predicts "three in one" and "group renting"
Scenario hidden dangers: "Three-in-one" and "group renting" places have always been the focus and difficulty of fire hazard management. These places have a large number of people, high fire risks, and repetitive rectifications. In the past, they mainly relied on grassroots firefighting forces, property service units, and grassroots community organizations to conduct investigations. The tasks were very heavy.
Use big data analysis to confirm the "three-in-one" and achieve precise investigation.
By sharing the data research and judgment technology platform with communication network operators and water and electricity data, the "three-in-one", "group rental" and other areas with complex accommodations and serious fire hazards can be used to access the Internet from 10pm to 4am the next day The analysis of houses with telecommunications data and single-family water and electricity consumption data exceeding 6 times the average household consumption in the region can predict fires in "three-in-one" and "group-rental" places.
The information system automatically pushes early warning information to community fire safety grid personnel and jurisdictions, prompting them to conduct timely on-site inspections, promptly rectify places with serious fire hazards, and conduct real-time monitoring and key spot checks on the rectification situation, which greatly improves supervision effectiveness.
For example, Jining Fur City, Ulanchabu City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is a well-known leather product centralized wholesale sales area in the country, with a construction area of ​​about 250,000 square meters and 5,100 registered merchants. It originally organized manpower to conduct a "three-in-one" in the area. It takes about 100 working days to investigate the situation. Now based on the data research and judgment technology to predict and organize the on-site fire hazard inspection, it only takes two working days. In addition, the fire department can also list the units with serious fire hazards discovered during the inspection as key supervision objects, and carry out follow-up supervision work in a targeted manner to prevent repetition.
(4) Digital map technology improves the weak links of hidden danger management
With the development of economy and society, the market players are increasing rapidly, especially in the more developed areas of the economy, the tasks of fire prevention and control and hidden danger management are arduous and onerous, and how to quickly find the weak links of the work is to use smart fire protection. Information technology is a key issue for precise prevention and control.
Digital map technology can visually reflect the overall situation of the police, fire, fire hazards and other elements of the jurisdiction by superimposing historical fire data, fire rescue data and fire hazard statistics, and can quickly find areas with more fires but less hidden hazards. According to the positive proportional relationship between fire and fire hazards, find areas and places with insufficient fire safety inspections and weak fire hazard management, and strengthen targeted fire safety inspections in these areas to achieve precise prevention and control goals.
Smart fire protection information technology has achieved remarkable results in the management of fire hazards such as remote monitoring of fire protection facilities, fire risk prediction, prediction of dangerous places, and detection of weak links in fire hazard management, laying a solid foundation for comprehensively improving the effectiveness of fire protection.
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