![<?echo $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'];?>](/template/twentyseventeen/skin/images/header.jpg)
The emergence of smart instruments has greatly expanded the scope of application of traditional instruments. Intelligent devices have been widely used in household appliances, scientific research institutions and industrial enterprises due to their advantages of small size, strong functions, and low power consumption. This article briefly analyzes the basic components of smart instruments and their development trends for everyone to understand.
The emergence of smart instruments has greatly expanded the scope of application of traditional instruments. Intelligent devices have been widely used in household appliances, scientific research institutions and industrial enterprises due to their advantages of small size, strong functions, and low power consumption.
1, the working principle of smart instruments
The sensor picks up the measured parameter information and converts it into an electrical signal. After filtering to remove the interference, it is sent to multiple analog switches. The analog switch is commutated by the single-chip microcomputer and the signals of each input channel are sent to the programmable gain amplifier one by one. The amplified signal After the a/d converter is converted into the corresponding pulse signal, it is sent to the SCM; the SCM performs the corresponding data operation and processing (such as nonlinear correction, etc.) according to the initial value set by the instrument; the result of the operation is converted to the corresponding The data is displayed and printed; at the same time, the single-chip computer calculates and compares the operation result with the set parameters stored in the on-chip flash ROM or e2prom (electrically erasable memory) according to the operation result and control requirements. Output corresponding control signals (such as alarm device triggers, relay contacts, etc.). In addition, the intelligent instrument can also be composed of a distributed measurement and control system with a PC. The single-chip microcomputer can be used as a slave to collect various measurement signals and data. The serial communication can be used to transmit the information to the host PC and be managed globally by the PC.
2. Features of smart instruments
With the continuous development of microelectronics technology, integrated circuits such as cpu, memory, timer/counter, parallel and serial interfaces, watchdog, preamplifier, and even a/d and d/a converters are on one chip. Very large-scale integrated circuit chips (ie, microcontrollers) emerged. Take the one-chip computer as the main body, combine computer technology and measurement and control technology together, and form the so-called intelligent measurement control system, namely intelligence instrument.
Compared with traditional instruments, smart instruments have the following features:
1 Operational automation. The entire measurement process of the instrument, such as keyboard scanning, range selection, switch start closure, data acquisition, transmission and processing, and display printing, is controlled by a single-chip microcomputer or a microcontroller to achieve full automation of the measurement process.
2 has a self-test function, including auto-zero, automatic fault and state inspection, automatic calibration, self-diagnosis and automatic range conversion. Smart meters can automatically detect the location of the fault or even the cause of the fault. This self-test can be run when the instrument is started, and it can also be run during instrument operation, which greatly facilitates instrument maintenance.
3 has data processing capabilities, which is one of the main advantages of smart instruments. The use of a microcontroller or microcontroller in smart instruments has made many problems that were previously difficult or impossible to solve with hardware logic and can now be solved with great flexibility using software. For example, a conventional digital multimeter can only measure resistance, AC/DC voltage, and current, while an intelligent digital multimeter can not only perform the above measurements, but also perform measurements such as zero shift, averaging, extreme value, and statistics. Analysis and other complex data processing functions not only free the user from heavy data processing, but also effectively improve the measurement accuracy of the instrument.
4 has a friendly human-machine dialogue ability. The intelligent instrument uses the keyboard instead of the switch in the conventional instrument, and the operator can realize a certain measurement function simply by inputting a command through the keyboard. At the same time, the intelligent instrument also informs the operator through the display screen of the instrument's operating conditions, working conditions, and the results of the measurement data processing, making the operation of the instrument more convenient and intuitive.
5 has programmable control capabilities. General smart instruments are equipped with standard communication interfaces such as gpib, rs232c, rs485, etc. It is very convenient to form an automatic measurement system with various functions required by the user together with the pc and other instruments to complete more complicated test tasks.
3, the development of smart instruments
In the 80's, microprocessors were used in the instrument. The front panel of the instrument began to develop in the direction of the keyboard, and the measurement system was often connected through the ieee488 bus. Different from the traditional independent instrument mode, personal instruments have been developed.
In the 1990s, the intelligentization of instrumentation was highlighted in the following aspects: The advancement of microelectronics technology has influenced the design of instrumentation more profoundly; the advent of dsp chips has greatly enhanced the digital signal processing capabilities of instrumentation; the development of microcomputers, Make the instrument and instrument have stronger data processing ability; The increase of the image processing function is very common; The vxi bus line is widely used.
In recent years, the development of intelligent measurement and control instruments has been particularly rapid. A variety of intelligent measurement and control instruments have appeared in the domestic market. For example, intelligent throttle flowmeters capable of automatic differential pressure compensation, intelligent multi-stage temperature controllers capable of temperature control, and digital PIDs Smart regulators for complex control laws, and intelligent chromatographs that can analyze and process various spectra.
There are many kinds of intelligent measuring instruments in the world. For example, the dstj-3000 series of smart transmitters produced by Honeywell's new edition of China Instrument Manufacturers' List can be used to perform composite measurement in differential pressure status and can be used for transmission. The body temperature, static pressure, etc. to achieve automatic compensation, the accuracy can reach 0.1% fs; the United States racat-dana 9303 ultra-high-level watch, the use of microprocessors to eliminate current flowing through the thermal noise generated by the resistance measurement The level can be as low as -77db; the ultra-multifunction calibrator 5520a produced by Fluke, USA uses 3 microprocessors internally, which has a short-term stability of 1ppm and a linearity of up to 0.5ppm; the digital self-produced by Foxboro, USA Tuning regulators, using expert system technology, can quickly adjust the regulator based on field parameters just like an experienced control engineer. This regulator is particularly suitable for control systems where the object changes frequently or non-linearly. Because this regulator can automatically adjust the adjustment parameters, the entire system can maintain good quality throughout the production process.
4, smart instrument development trend
4.1 Miniaturization Micro-intelligent instruments refer to microelectronics, micro-mechanics, and information technology that are integrated into the production of the instrument, making the instrument a small, fully functional intelligent instrument. It can complete signal acquisition, linearization, digital signal processing, control signal output, amplification, interface with other instruments, and human interaction. With the continuous development of micro-electro-mechanical technology, micro-intelligent instruments, their technologies continue to mature, prices continue to decline, so their application areas will continue to expand. It not only has the functions of traditional instruments, but also can play a unique role in the fields of automation technology, aerospace, military, biotechnology, and medical care. For example, it is currently necessary to measure several different parameters of a patient at the same time and perform control of certain parameters. Usually the patient's body is inserted into several tubes, which increases the chance of patient infection. Micro-intelligent instruments can measure multiple parameters at the same time. And it is small and implantable in the human body, making these problems solved.
4.2 Multifunctional Multifunction is a feature of smart instrumentation. For example, in order to design faster and more complex digital systems, instrument manufacturers have created function generators with functions such as pulse generators, frequency synthesizers, and arbitrary waveform generators. This multi-functional integrated product instrumentation product catalog “National Project Proposal Under Construction†has higher performance (eg, accuracy) than dedicated pulse generators and frequency synthesizers, and provides a variety of test functions. Better solution.
4.3 Artificial intelligence Artificial intelligence is a new field of computer applications. It uses computers to simulate human intelligence for use in robots, medical diagnostics, expert systems, and proof of reasoning. The further development of smart devices will contain certain artificial intelligence, which replaces part of the human brain work, and thus in the visual (graphics and color reading), hearing (speech recognition and language understanding), thinking (reasoning, judgment, learning and association) Other aspects have a certain ability.
In this way, smart devices can autonomously perform detection or control functions without human intervention. Obviously, the application of artificial intelligence in modern instrumentation enables us not only to solve a class of problems that are difficult to solve with traditional methods, but also to solve problems that cannot be solved by traditional methods.
4.4 Integrate isp and emit technologies to implement internet access for instrumentation systems (networking)
With the rapid development of network technology, internet technology is gradually infiltrating into the field of industrial control and intelligent instrumentation system design. The intelligent instrumentation system is based on internet-based communication capabilities and remotely upgraded and functionally resets the designed intelligent instrumentation system. And system maintenance.
In-system programming (iSP) is a state-of-the-art technology that modifies, configures, or restructures software. It is a kind of first proposed by lattice semiconductor company that allows us to carry out every aspect of the product design and manufacturing process, even after the product is sold to end users, with the logic and function of its devices, circuit boards or the entire electronic system at any time The latest technology for configuration or reorganization capabilities. The isp technology eliminates some of the limitations of traditional technologies and connection flaws, and is conducive to board design, manufacturing, and programming. Isp hardware is flexible and easy to modify software for easy design and development. Since isp devices can be handled on a printed circuit board (pcb) like any other device, programming isp devices do not require specialized programmers and more complex processes, as long as they are performed via a PC, an embedded system processor, or even an internet remote network. Programming.
The embedded micro-internet Internet connection technology was proposed by Emware Corporation when it created the eti (extend the internet) expansion of the internet alliance. It is a technology that integrates embedded devices such as SCM into the internet. Using this technology, it is possible to connect 8-bit and 16-bit microcomputer systems to the internet to implement remote-based data acquisition, intelligent control, and upload/download of data files.
Currently, connectone, emware, tasking, and domestic p&s companies all provide internet-based devicenetworking software, firmware, and hardware products.
4.5 Virtual Instrument is the New Stage for the Development of Intelligent Instrument The main functions of the measuring instrument are composed of three parts: data acquisition, data analysis and data display.
In the virtual reality system, data analysis and display are completely done by the PC software. Therefore, as long as the additional data acquisition hardware is provided, the measurement instrument can be composed with a PC. This kind of PC-based measuring instrument is called a virtual instrument. In the virtual instrument, using the same hardware system, as long as the application of different software programming, you can get completely different measuring instruments. It can be seen that the software system is the core of the virtual instrument and the software is the instrument.
Traditional intelligent instruments use some kind of computer technology in instrument technology. Virtual instruments emphasize the absorption of instrument technology in general computer technology. The software system at the heart of the virtual instrument is versatile, popular, visual, extensible, and scalable, and it can bring great benefits to users. Therefore, it has the application prospect and market that cannot be matched by traditional intelligent instruments. .
5. Concluding remarks
Intelligent instruments are the combination of computer science, electronics, digital signal processing, artificial intelligence, vlsi and other emerging technologies and traditional instrumentation technologies. With the development of related technologies such as application-specific integrated circuits and personal instruments, smart instruments will be more widely used. The single-chip computer technology, which is the core component of smart devices, is the driving force for the development of smart devices in the direction of miniaturization, multi-functionality, and more flexibility. It can be expected that smart instruments of various functions will be widely used in various fields of society in the near future.
Annual Call for Paper / Information Cooperation Contact Email:
The authenticity of Rongrong does not bear the direct responsibility and joint liability for the infringement of such works. When other media, websites or individuals are reprinted from this site,
The source of the work noted on this website must be retained and the copyright and other legal liabilities must be held by it. 4 If you are involved in the content of the work, copyright, etc., please contact the website within one week from the date of publication of the work; otherwise, you may waive the relevant rights.
The emergence of smart instruments has greatly expanded the scope of application of traditional instruments. Intelligent devices have been widely used in household appliances, scientific research institutions and industrial enterprises due to their advantages of small size, strong functions, and low power consumption.
1, the working principle of smart instruments
The sensor picks up the measured parameter information and converts it into an electrical signal. After filtering to remove the interference, it is sent to multiple analog switches. The analog switch is commutated by the single-chip microcomputer and the signals of each input channel are sent to the programmable gain amplifier one by one. The amplified signal After the a/d converter is converted into the corresponding pulse signal, it is sent to the SCM; the SCM performs the corresponding data operation and processing (such as nonlinear correction, etc.) according to the initial value set by the instrument; the result of the operation is converted to the corresponding The data is displayed and printed; at the same time, the single-chip computer calculates and compares the operation result with the set parameters stored in the on-chip flash ROM or e2prom (electrically erasable memory) according to the operation result and control requirements. Output corresponding control signals (such as alarm device triggers, relay contacts, etc.). In addition, the intelligent instrument can also be composed of a distributed measurement and control system with a PC. The single-chip microcomputer can be used as a slave to collect various measurement signals and data. The serial communication can be used to transmit the information to the host PC and be managed globally by the PC.
2. Features of smart instruments
With the continuous development of microelectronics technology, integrated circuits such as cpu, memory, timer/counter, parallel and serial interfaces, watchdog, preamplifier, and even a/d and d/a converters are on one chip. Very large-scale integrated circuit chips (ie, microcontrollers) emerged. Take the one-chip computer as the main body, combine computer technology and measurement and control technology together, and form the so-called intelligent measurement control system, namely intelligence instrument.
Compared with traditional instruments, smart instruments have the following features:
1 Operational automation. The entire measurement process of the instrument, such as keyboard scanning, range selection, switch start closure, data acquisition, transmission and processing, and display printing, is controlled by a single-chip microcomputer or a microcontroller to achieve full automation of the measurement process.
2 has a self-test function, including auto-zero, automatic fault and state inspection, automatic calibration, self-diagnosis and automatic range conversion. Smart meters can automatically detect the location of the fault or even the cause of the fault. This self-test can be run when the instrument is started, and it can also be run during instrument operation, which greatly facilitates instrument maintenance.
3 has data processing capabilities, which is one of the main advantages of smart instruments. The use of a microcontroller or microcontroller in smart instruments has made many problems that were previously difficult or impossible to solve with hardware logic and can now be solved with great flexibility using software. For example, a conventional digital multimeter can only measure resistance, AC/DC voltage, and current, while an intelligent digital multimeter can not only perform the above measurements, but also perform measurements such as zero shift, averaging, extreme value, and statistics. Analysis and other complex data processing functions not only free the user from heavy data processing, but also effectively improve the measurement accuracy of the instrument.
4 has a friendly human-machine dialogue ability. The intelligent instrument uses the keyboard instead of the switch in the conventional instrument, and the operator can realize a certain measurement function simply by inputting a command through the keyboard. At the same time, the intelligent instrument also informs the operator through the display screen of the instrument's operating conditions, working conditions, and the results of the measurement data processing, making the operation of the instrument more convenient and intuitive.
5 has programmable control capabilities. General smart instruments are equipped with standard communication interfaces such as gpib, rs232c, rs485, etc. It is very convenient to form an automatic measurement system with various functions required by the user together with the pc and other instruments to complete more complicated test tasks.
3, the development of smart instruments
In the 80's, microprocessors were used in the instrument. The front panel of the instrument began to develop in the direction of the keyboard, and the measurement system was often connected through the ieee488 bus. Different from the traditional independent instrument mode, personal instruments have been developed.
In the 1990s, the intelligentization of instrumentation was highlighted in the following aspects: The advancement of microelectronics technology has influenced the design of instrumentation more profoundly; the advent of dsp chips has greatly enhanced the digital signal processing capabilities of instrumentation; the development of microcomputers, Make the instrument and instrument have stronger data processing ability; The increase of the image processing function is very common; The vxi bus line is widely used.
In recent years, the development of intelligent measurement and control instruments has been particularly rapid. A variety of intelligent measurement and control instruments have appeared in the domestic market. For example, intelligent throttle flowmeters capable of automatic differential pressure compensation, intelligent multi-stage temperature controllers capable of temperature control, and digital PIDs Smart regulators for complex control laws, and intelligent chromatographs that can analyze and process various spectra.
There are many kinds of intelligent measuring instruments in the world. For example, the dstj-3000 series of smart transmitters produced by Honeywell's new edition of China Instrument Manufacturers' List can be used to perform composite measurement in differential pressure status and can be used for transmission. The body temperature, static pressure, etc. to achieve automatic compensation, the accuracy can reach 0.1% fs; the United States racat-dana 9303 ultra-high-level watch, the use of microprocessors to eliminate current flowing through the thermal noise generated by the resistance measurement The level can be as low as -77db; the ultra-multifunction calibrator 5520a produced by Fluke, USA uses 3 microprocessors internally, which has a short-term stability of 1ppm and a linearity of up to 0.5ppm; the digital self-produced by Foxboro, USA Tuning regulators, using expert system technology, can quickly adjust the regulator based on field parameters just like an experienced control engineer. This regulator is particularly suitable for control systems where the object changes frequently or non-linearly. Because this regulator can automatically adjust the adjustment parameters, the entire system can maintain good quality throughout the production process.
4, smart instrument development trend
4.1 Miniaturization Micro-intelligent instruments refer to microelectronics, micro-mechanics, and information technology that are integrated into the production of the instrument, making the instrument a small, fully functional intelligent instrument. It can complete signal acquisition, linearization, digital signal processing, control signal output, amplification, interface with other instruments, and human interaction. With the continuous development of micro-electro-mechanical technology, micro-intelligent instruments, their technologies continue to mature, prices continue to decline, so their application areas will continue to expand. It not only has the functions of traditional instruments, but also can play a unique role in the fields of automation technology, aerospace, military, biotechnology, and medical care. For example, it is currently necessary to measure several different parameters of a patient at the same time and perform control of certain parameters. Usually the patient's body is inserted into several tubes, which increases the chance of patient infection. Micro-intelligent instruments can measure multiple parameters at the same time. And it is small and implantable in the human body, making these problems solved.
4.2 Multifunctional Multifunction is a feature of smart instrumentation. For example, in order to design faster and more complex digital systems, instrument manufacturers have created function generators with functions such as pulse generators, frequency synthesizers, and arbitrary waveform generators. This multi-functional integrated product instrumentation product catalog “National Project Proposal Under Construction†has higher performance (eg, accuracy) than dedicated pulse generators and frequency synthesizers, and provides a variety of test functions. Better solution.
4.3 Artificial intelligence Artificial intelligence is a new field of computer applications. It uses computers to simulate human intelligence for use in robots, medical diagnostics, expert systems, and proof of reasoning. The further development of smart devices will contain certain artificial intelligence, which replaces part of the human brain work, and thus in the visual (graphics and color reading), hearing (speech recognition and language understanding), thinking (reasoning, judgment, learning and association) Other aspects have a certain ability.
In this way, smart devices can autonomously perform detection or control functions without human intervention. Obviously, the application of artificial intelligence in modern instrumentation enables us not only to solve a class of problems that are difficult to solve with traditional methods, but also to solve problems that cannot be solved by traditional methods.
4.4 Integrate isp and emit technologies to implement internet access for instrumentation systems (networking)
With the rapid development of network technology, internet technology is gradually infiltrating into the field of industrial control and intelligent instrumentation system design. The intelligent instrumentation system is based on internet-based communication capabilities and remotely upgraded and functionally resets the designed intelligent instrumentation system. And system maintenance.
In-system programming (iSP) is a state-of-the-art technology that modifies, configures, or restructures software. It is a kind of first proposed by lattice semiconductor company that allows us to carry out every aspect of the product design and manufacturing process, even after the product is sold to end users, with the logic and function of its devices, circuit boards or the entire electronic system at any time The latest technology for configuration or reorganization capabilities. The isp technology eliminates some of the limitations of traditional technologies and connection flaws, and is conducive to board design, manufacturing, and programming. Isp hardware is flexible and easy to modify software for easy design and development. Since isp devices can be handled on a printed circuit board (pcb) like any other device, programming isp devices do not require specialized programmers and more complex processes, as long as they are performed via a PC, an embedded system processor, or even an internet remote network. Programming.
The embedded micro-internet Internet connection technology was proposed by Emware Corporation when it created the eti (extend the internet) expansion of the internet alliance. It is a technology that integrates embedded devices such as SCM into the internet. Using this technology, it is possible to connect 8-bit and 16-bit microcomputer systems to the internet to implement remote-based data acquisition, intelligent control, and upload/download of data files.
Currently, connectone, emware, tasking, and domestic p&s companies all provide internet-based devicenetworking software, firmware, and hardware products.
4.5 Virtual Instrument is the New Stage for the Development of Intelligent Instrument The main functions of the measuring instrument are composed of three parts: data acquisition, data analysis and data display.
In the virtual reality system, data analysis and display are completely done by the PC software. Therefore, as long as the additional data acquisition hardware is provided, the measurement instrument can be composed with a PC. This kind of PC-based measuring instrument is called a virtual instrument. In the virtual instrument, using the same hardware system, as long as the application of different software programming, you can get completely different measuring instruments. It can be seen that the software system is the core of the virtual instrument and the software is the instrument.
Traditional intelligent instruments use some kind of computer technology in instrument technology. Virtual instruments emphasize the absorption of instrument technology in general computer technology. The software system at the heart of the virtual instrument is versatile, popular, visual, extensible, and scalable, and it can bring great benefits to users. Therefore, it has the application prospect and market that cannot be matched by traditional intelligent instruments. .
5. Concluding remarks
Intelligent instruments are the combination of computer science, electronics, digital signal processing, artificial intelligence, vlsi and other emerging technologies and traditional instrumentation technologies. With the development of related technologies such as application-specific integrated circuits and personal instruments, smart instruments will be more widely used. The single-chip computer technology, which is the core component of smart devices, is the driving force for the development of smart devices in the direction of miniaturization, multi-functionality, and more flexibility. It can be expected that smart instruments of various functions will be widely used in various fields of society in the near future.
@ China Security Exhibition Website AFzhan
Scan the official microblogging interaction
Micro signal: AFzhan
Official Wechat
Scan to see the security information
Annual Call for Paper / Information Cooperation Contact Email: Document.write(unescape('%3Cdiv id="hm_t_119037"%3E%3C/div%3E%3Cscript charset="utf-8" src="http://crs.baidu.com/t.js?siteId= C4ca79bf9e99412934f46cb1d2bd3288&planId=119037&async=0&referer=') + encodeURIComponent(document.referrer) + '&title=' + encodeURIComponent(document.title) + '&rnd=' + (+new Date) + unescape('"%3E%3C/script% 3E'));
Copyright and Disclaimer
1 All the websites of this site indicate "Source: China Security Exhibition Website". All copyrights belong to China Security Exhibition Website. Reprints must indicate China Security Exhibition Website. Violators Bennet will investigate relevant legal liabilities. 2 If the company releases company news, technical articles, data downloads, etc., which involve infringement or violation of regulations, the issuing company shall bear the responsibility of its own, and Ben Wang shall have the right to delete the content and trace the responsibility. 3 Ben Wang reproduced and noted works from other sources for the purpose of transmitting more information. It does not mean that this website agrees with or confirms its opinion. The authenticity of Rongrong does not bear the direct responsibility and joint liability for the infringement of such works. When other media, websites or individuals are reprinted from this site,
The source of the work noted on this website must be retained and the copyright and other legal liabilities must be held by it. 4 If you are involved in the content of the work, copyright, etc., please contact the website within one week from the date of publication of the work; otherwise, you may waive the relevant rights.
Map security more>>
2018 Big Data Development Summit Supporting Security Products and Technology Exhibition
2018 Top Ten Awards Ceremonies Those wonderful details you may not have noticed
The Third Meeting of the Fourth Session of the Security Industry Protection Industry Association of Hubei Province Successfully Held
China (Hubei) Security Engineering Enterprise Sharing Exchange Meeting Successfully Held
Hubei Province's first security industry carnival moments
Recommended by enterprises
Hangzhou Hikvision Digital Technology Co., Ltd. Shenzhen Zhian Wanjia Technology Co., Ltd. Zhejiang Red Apple Electronics Co., Ltd. Guangzhou City Ai Lifu Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. Guangzhou Sizheng Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. Zhejiang Dahua Technology Co., Ltd. Shenzhen Weimar Network Technology Co., Ltd. Beijing Hanbang High-tech Digital Technology Co., Ltd. Zhejiang Weier Technology Co., Ltd. Suzhou De Asia Traffic Technology Co., Ltd. Shenzhen Feiruisi Technology Co., Ltd. Xiamen Di Nike Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. Zhejiang Lansheng Communication Technology Co., Ltd. Company Hangzhou Jufeng Technology Co., Ltd. Xiamen Ketuo Communication Technology Co., Ltd. Stationary High Frequency Welding Machine
We supply machinery and services to many major international companies and we have activity in the following industries:
Stationery: Including Pockets, Binders, Tax Discs produced on high frequency welding, rotary, inline and shuttle machinery.
Machine with excellent performance for welding plastic stationery items like pass cover, money purse, inflatable toys nad packaging pouches.
Rf Welding Machine,Stationary High Frequency Welding Machine,High Frequency Sealing Machine,High Frequency Bonding Machine
Hangzhou Xiaoshan Wanfeng Mechanical & Electrical Equipment Factory , https://www.wfengmachinery.com