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These two days, astronomy circles at home and abroad spontaneously sellers - have claimed a major event to announce, but all mysterious, tight-lipped. Abroad, the National Science Foundation will hold a press conference at 22:00 on the 16th at Beijing time to introduce the new discoveries of the LIGO and the Virgo gravitational wave detectors of the United States and their global partners. On the same day, the European Southern Observatory will announce "a seminal discovery of astronomical phenomena that has never been observed before."
In China, the LIGO Scientific Cooperation Working Group of Tsinghua University will release the latest gravitational wave detection and research results on October 17 in Beijing time. It is reported that other domestic research institutions will also be some action.
So consistent, it seems really want to engage in big news! Although it is impossible to know what the major findings are, we can speculate on the recent developments in the astronomy circle.
According to the information disclosed by several research institutes, the discovery should be related to gravitational waves.
In that case, let's sort through the big events of the past two years about gravitational waves: From September 2015 to January this year, LIGO detected gravitational waves separately three times in a row. In August this year, LIGO and Virgo jointly detected gravitational waves. These four gravitational wave signals are all from black hole coalescence. Just past 3 October, three scientists won the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physics for their contributions to building and discovering gravitational waves for LIGO detectors.
A closer look, noticeable big events, there is a "episode."
On August 18, Craig Welle, an astronomer at the University of Texas at Austin, said in a Twitter article: "The LIGO was amazingly new and accompanied by an optical counterpart." One hour later, the University of Washington Astronomer Pete Yusimu disclosed more details on Twitter: LIGO observed a gravitational wave signal in galaxy NGC4993, produced by a combination of two neutron stars, 130 million light-years from Earth.
The two astronomers broke the astronomy circle broke up. Because if they really say, it means LIGO found a new gravitational wave!
"Such exploration will mark a new era in astronomy." Nature's official website published an analysis article in August saying that the gravitational waves produced by the merger of two neutron stars have different characteristics compared to the gravitational wave signals previously discovered: double black holes Gravitational waves generated by the merger are very short, usually lasting 1 second or less; however, the gravitational waves generated by the merger of two neutron stars can last for 1 minute.
"The longer duration of gravitational wave signals allows scientists to test Einstein's general relativity more accurately," said Nature's official website.
In addition, the gravitational waves generated by the merger of two neutron stars can not only be "heard" by ripples like the LIGO, but also can be "seen" by traditional astronomical telescopes.
"Because black holes are energy structures that do not produce electromagnetic signals after a collision, neutron stars act as material structures that can cause electromagnetic signals to burst at the same time." Zhang Chengmin, researcher at the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said in an interview with Science and Technology Daily.
That is why, as the two scientists broke the news, astronomical telescopes around the world looked in the direction of galaxy NGC 4993, including the NASA Hubble Space Telescope, the Very Large Telescope at the European Southern Observatory, Ma large millimeter wave / submillimeter wave array. According to the official website of Nature, in August this year, NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope observed gamma-ray storms in the same direction as galaxy NGC4993.
The above clues, at the same time with many institutions at home and abroad at the same time in preparation for the conference status is also very fit. But in the end is not found double neutron star merger generated gravitational wave signal, we will see!
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