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Working principle of impact crusher: Impact crusher is a crushing machine that uses impact energy to crush materials. When the machine is working, the rotor rotates at a high speed under the driving of the motor. When the material enters the action area of ​​the hammer, it collides with the hammer on the rotor, and then is thrown to the counter-attack device to break again, and then from the counter-liner. The bomb returns to the hammer action zone and is broken again. This process is repeated, and the material is repeatedly broken into the first, second and third counter-attack chambers until the material is crushed to the required particle size and discharged from the discharge port. Adjusting the gap between the counter frame and the rotor can achieve the purpose of changing the material discharge size and material shape. The stone material falls directly from the upper part of the machine into the high-speed rotating turntable; under the action of high-speed centrifugal force, the other part is divided into the flying stone around the turntable by the umbrella type to produce high-speed collision and high-density crushing. After the stone hits each other, the stone will A vortex motion is formed between the turntable and the casing to cause multiple blows, friction, and pulverization, and is discharged straight from the lower portion. The closed loop is formed multiple times and controlled by the screening device to achieve the required particle size.
The history of the impact crusher can be traced back to the 1950s. When the world's first jaw crusher was born in the United States, the jaw crusher could not meet the needs of the crushing technology soon after the development of productivity. On the basis of the jaw crusher, people have designed a counter crusher.
In 1924, the Germans first developed the single- and double-rotor impact crushers. The structure of the crusher at that time was similar to that of the modern squirrel-cage crusher, because it was structurally or functionally analyzed. It has the characteristics of a counter crusher. Since the material needs repeated impact, the crushing process can be freely and unobstructed, but due to the limitation of the feeding force and the ability of the impact crusher, the model is gradually transformed into a squirrel-cage crusher, which is applied to the medium-hard one. Finely broken.
By 1942, the German Andreson invented the AP series impact crusher similar in structure to the modern impact crusher based on the structural characteristics and working principle of the hammer crusher of the squirrel cage crusher. Thanks to the high production efficiency of this type of impact crusher, it can handle the compared materials, and it is simple in form and structure, and easy to move. Therefore, this type of impact crusher has been rapidly developed. Along with the improvement of the crushing and screening theory and the further development of technology, a variety of high-performance impact crushers are also emerging.
At the same time, in order to enhance the mobility of the crusher, tire-type and crawler-type mobile crushing stations have been developed. Among them, the wheel-type crusher is popular in the Americas, and the crawler type is popular in Europe. In fact, the development of the impact crusher in China was relatively late. In the 1950s, China really had a crusher. Therefore, most of China's crushing and screening equipment was introduced in the 1950s. Prior to the 1980s, our domestic impact crushers were limited to the treatment of medium-hard materials such as coal and limestone .
In general, the future development direction of domestic and international impact crushers is mainly reflected in the following aspects:
First, it is necessary to improve the structure of the existing impact crusher, improve the crushing capacity of the centering hard ore of the impact crusher and the convenience of equipment maintenance, and mainly focus on the improvement of the plate hammer and rotor structure to facilitate the board. Replacement and loading of the hammer; optimization of the structure of the counter-attack (crushing cavity) to improve the primary crushing rate and energy utilization of the ore.
Second, research and development of new plate hammer materials with high wear resistance and high toughness to improve the service life of the hammer and improve productivity.
Third, the application of modern mechatronics technology and modern control methods (such as hydraulic technology, electronic technology), continuously improve the automation of the impact crusher, reduce the labor intensity of workers, and improve productivity. For example, the application of modern computer-aided design optimizes the structural parameters of the counter-attack frame to improve the energy utilization rate and the primary crushing rate of the ore.
Fourth, in order to meet the needs of the market and customers, the impact crusher is being serialized and standardized.
Fifth, adhere to technological innovation, and gradually get rid of the single introduction and imitation of products. Improve the research and development of the independent knowledge of the impact crusher.
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