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The booming development of Internet-related technologies such as big data, Internet of things, and cloud computing has brought opportunities for smart distribution network upgrades. The article first analyzes the new features of the smart distribution network, including the connotation and extension of the smart distribution network; then it discusses the issues that need to be considered in the design of the intelligent distribution network architecture, including the basic design principles and the IEC core standard-driven system. Architecture design and other aspects. The discussion of the architecture design of intelligent distribution networks is conducive to the realization of future interconnection and interoperability between the distribution network and the energy Internet.
0 Preface
Smart distribution network is an important part of smart grid, a hot topic of smart grid research, and one of the most active areas for smart grid research and development. The biggest changes in smart grids relative to traditional grids may be reflected in distribution networks. Smart distribution grids allow large-scale access of renewable energy and distributed generation units and the operation of micro grids, and encourage various types of electricity users to actively participate in the grid. Interaction: 1 In the power flow, since the access point of the distributed power supply is in the distribution network, it will lead to bidirectional power flow in the distribution network. The dispatch control and transportation inspection management of the distribution network will tend to the transmission network; 2 In the information flow, the bottlenecks and difficulties that smart grid information integration and information security really need to break through are also on the distribution network. The distribution automation is not only confronted with difficulties in information interaction technology, but also is not adaptable to management changes. 3 In service flow On the other hand, the distribution network is in the middle of the chain, and the system has been formed up and down. It faces the situation that distribution automation has not formed operational control, and it is also facing the pressure of two-way interactive services.
The booming development of Internet-related technologies such as big data, Internet of things, cloud computing, and information and physical convergence has brought opportunities to upgrade and transform smart distribution networks while stimulating a large number of new technologies. The smart distribution network architecture considers the possibility of future operation of a series of systems. It has exceeded the scope of the transmission of electrical energy to terminal equipment, and has expanded to a wide operating environment from centralized power generation systems to user terminal power supplies and distributed power supplies. Apply Internet technology to maximize interconnection and resource sharing. This paper discusses the design of smart distribution network architectures to meet the needs of the future and enhance the openness and security of interaction and integration among energy service systems.
1. New features of smart distribution network
The intelligent distribution network is a distribution network under the complete coverage of distribution automation. The distribution automation equipment controls the topology connection relationship of the distribution network equipment and the operating efficiency of each device connected in the network. It can perceive the non-availability of each device. Health status and fault status, automatic acquisition of critical node variation data and production energy efficiency analysis statistics of the power grid, automatic detection of the status of non-healthy distribution equipment and the introduction or execution of self-healing solutions based on the reliability requirements of distribution network power supply, The fault is in the bud; if a fault occurs, it can automatically detect the fault, locate the fault location, isolate the fault zone, and propose or execute the power supply scheme in the non-faulty region. The information provided by automation is sufficient to support various applications such as planning, design, construction, operation and maintenance, and optimization of smart grids, meeting the needs of high-quality economic management and safe and efficient operation of distribution network companies, smart cities and beautiful rural areas, and modern society. demand.
If we want to more fully define the concept of smart distribution network, we must fully consider the development and changes of technology, and describe the new features of smart distribution network from both connotation and extension.
1.1 The connotation of intelligent distribution network The connotation of intelligent distribution network includes the following aspects:
1) With distribution automation base. Distribution automation is a necessary condition for smart distribution networks. This is because distribution automation integrates the real-time operation of distribution networks, grid structure, equipment, users, and geographic graphics to form a complete distribution automation system.
2) Communication system integrated into the Internet. For the distribution network must be facing the Internet architecture, with the development of Internet technology, especially the rapid development of mobile Internet technology, completely changed the technical ecology of the terminal interconnection, integration of distribution automation terminals into the Internet system is the only way.
3) Ubiquitous sensors and measuring devices. A large number of sensors and smart measurements are sufficient to ensure that system operating parameters, equipment operating status, wide-area measurement networks, and flexible protection systems are reliably provided to provide static and dynamic data for distribution networks, providing intelligent applications of various types. basic information.
4) Smart distribution network master station. Due to the emergence of cloud storage and big data processing, the centralized processing capability of intelligent power distribution can be improved. The key is the adaptability of application requirements and system architecture. The demand is constantly changing and the architecture must be redesigned.
5) Unified transmission and distribution network system data model. This model can effectively integrate the intelligent secondary equipment and advanced analysis and processing procedures of the power grid into a unified analysis framework.
6) Intelligent distribution network management. Through the graphical and geospatial information technology means to maximize the visibility of the primary grid, making the operation of the power system visible, supplemented by a more intelligent, more comprehensive analysis of the application program to achieve efficient and orderly management of the grid, reducing the management difficulty .
7) Unified smart grid data model. The physical model of the power grid is mapped to a standard data model, so that relevant data sources are associated in an efficient, structured, and clear manner. This association does not depend on the physical characteristics of the existing equipment.
8) Unified standard service. Access to common device and application processing results through services hides the internal details of each device and application, allowing the application of system components to be treated as a black box.
9) "Plug and Play" smart devices. The smart distribution network needs to address the configuration requirements of the smart grid devices, information security requirements, data management and switching requirements, and service quality requirements, enabling “plug and play†of smart devices, and minimizing the maintenance workload of the power distribution equipment.
10) Advanced Application Software. Intelligent distribution network through the multi-level analysis of grid data, making the grid more intelligent and coordinated operation, including self-healing power grid distribution network, self-adaptive power and load balancing, distributed power smart access.
11) Information security. Smart distribution network can not only realize data exchange and information integration across services, but also ensure the security of information.
1.2 Extensions of smart distribution networks The extensions of smart distribution networks include the following four aspects:
1) The power supply of the distribution network forms a positive interaction with the needs of users. Through the provision of electricity and market information through smart terminals, users are urged to change their power consumption mode through demand response, actively participate in power grid management and market competition, obtain corresponding economic benefits, and realize interaction between supply and demand.
2) The distribution network has a large number of renewable energy distributed power sources such as wind energy, solar energy and biomass energy. The distributed power supply connected to the distribution network can be automatically adjusted and controlled by the distribution network. The microgrid can control both its own and the distribution network. The corresponding control and regulation system will charge and discharge various distributed energy sources and electric vehicles. The station actively incorporates distribution network management and market transactions, and fully supports environmentally friendly power generation forms.
3) Provide good power quality and power supply reliability. The power quality is monitored, diagnosed and demanded. The power is customized according to different power quality levels. The power quality can meet the requirements of different customers for power quality and high reliability standards.
4) Refined distribution network production control system construction. Study the distribution network risk management and control system to predict the risks in operation, improve the utilization ratio of the distribution network assets, reduce the operating costs, and reduce or postpone the investment. The establishment of an effective and linked optimization design system has formed on-line analysis and statistics for production command, asset management, work flow management, operation and maintenance repair management, and operational status monitoring, and truly supports fine-grained management of distribution production.
2. System architecture design of intelligent distribution network
The distribution network has not yet reached the stage of intelligence and is in the intelligent process. See Figure 1. The business of distribution networks has started to converge with informatization, and distribution automation has been gradually established. However, with the development of distribution networks, smart distribution networks are the direction of development. The most important thing in constructing intelligent distribution networks is to establish a support. Intelligent development and progressive system architecture.
Intelligent distribution network
The architecture of the smart distribution network is proposed under the analysis and research of the important development trends and demands facing the smart grid. Therefore, to build an intelligent distribution network architecture, the following five aspects need to be considered.
1) Efficient use of existing technologies. A framework considered from the ground up can help ensure that the system has sufficient specifications and design extension capabilities when it is first established to protect both current and future needs. The architecture system will realize the integration and expansion with the future system. It can add a new function without the need to upgrade and replace the system in the entire range. Therefore, how to make effective use of international open and common standards and promote the application of advanced communications and computer technologies to energy systems is the most important meaning of standardization. This requires companies to provide standardized products for the realization of the goal of smart grids.
From a global perspective, the power industry must improve the technology level through the informatization and automation of equipment and management. More and more advanced automation technologies and communication infrastructure must support the current needs and be able to meet future energy structure changes. . The power industry needs to change the management system that leads to redundant construction. The smart grid architecture design needs to overcome systems used in isolated sectors, standards that are too narrowly defined, applications with overlapping functions, heterogeneous systems that cannot communicate, and elimination. Restrictions on interconnection and other aspects. A good architecture design can take the initial design and installation into account in the future operation of the system, enabling it to be smart and open, effectively manage and reuse equipment, and extend the life of the equipment.
2) Break the traditional boundaries of the system and achieve a higher level of integration. It is possible to build an integrated system that can realize interoperability and better and more advanced across traditional boundaries and obstacles. This demand is the core driving force for the realization of intelligent architecture. Changes in the modern power industry will require more extensive and close contact between various business entities, requiring that business application systems can interoperate with system integration requirements. For example, the grid wants to integrate distributed power, power supply systems, and user's equipment into one system to form a micro-grid system. The smart architecture needs to dynamically integrate multiple applications into the environment where users can participate in operations. Numerous technical and management issues have to be raised, and new architectural requirements must be designed to break the boundaries of traditional users.
The emergence of microgrid demand will require a very wide range of interoperability between systems, which is unprecedented in the power industry. In the end, the user runs in parallel with the power system. There may be tens of thousands or even millions of devices that are highly related. This is followed by the management of such a large system, which poses a very big challenge for the device user.
The new architecture will evolve into a unified standard system model that eliminates the boundaries between system management and enables more powerful system management functions (including data management, security, monitoring, and diagnostics) that will be directly designed and embedded in the device. Make the power system management more intelligent, extensive and in-depth.
3) Core standard driven model architecture design. The intelligent architecture design is to better coordinate and integrate various industry standards, as well as to meet the development needs of various intelligent power devices and systems that are emerging in the entire industrial field. The key standards are the three core standards of the IEC: the standard for equipment is IEC 61850; the interoperability standard between systems is IEC 61968; the general information model for distribution networks is IEC 61970. The various standards developed by the industry must be able to coordinate and make them applicable to more general field requirements.
In order to achieve the integration of higher standards within and among various standards development organizations, as well as within and between companies, the development of an industry-wide smart architecture is a natural way to meet this need. An architecture will become a key player in the development and integration of future standards. It is not a single standard in the usual sense, but a framework that can provide concrete coherence and involve a wide range of contexts. Only through this method, these standards can hopefully achieve interoperability and meet future needs.
4) Satisfy the emerging new demands. The intelligent architecture is based on the emerging enterprise-level and industrial-level demands. The development of smart grids has resulted in new emergent demands. Therefore, the new system architecture must be able to adapt to new demands. Many existing systems need to be upgraded in order to adapt to future needs. Systems that do not have sufficient capacity to adapt to new needs will be eliminated.
The intelligent architecture places great emphasis on system expansion requirements to achieve future system operation functions that may be required. These future system functions are summarized from various sources of demand. Many requirements are known, but many requirements can be attributed to unknown requirements. Although communications, distributed computing, and information technology are already advanced, these agnostic requirements will still cause many security risks. Therefore, when designing the system architecture, it must take into account the unknown needs that may exist in future power supply systems. In addition to the integration between industries, in some key areas, such as the management of policy systems and system security, more and more needs have emerged. They all need to have a certain degree of sufficient security, both now and in the future.
5) The development of artificial intelligence. Smart architecture is to face the development of future power grids. Artificial intelligence provides the ability and potential to handle the risks, trends, and failures of complex power grids for the processing of big data and the judgment of complex problems; the control and operation of power grids is ultimately managed by machines. And control, this is the ultimate development goal of the smart grid, from the point of view of artificial intelligence development speed, to achieve this goal is just around the corner.
3 Conclusion <br> <br> distribution network at the intermediate layer of the power system, the electric charge of the low-pressure side of the grid and the energy transfer energy responsible interconnected configuration. The smart distribution network must use the thinking and ideas of the Internet to integrate the power system, oil and gas heat pipe network, electric vehicle charging and replacement network, water supply system and other networks to form a future energy system under the concept of multi-energy network coordination and complementation to solve energy problems. The issue of green and low-carbon sustainable development is to achieve the most extensive interconnection of the primary and secondary energy networks.
The smart architecture establishes a series of possibilities that allow for the future operation of the system. The scope of the smart architecture extends to a wide range of operating environments from centralized power generation systems to user terminal power supplies and distributed power supplies. The intelligent architecture is beyond the scope of delivering electrical energy to terminal equipment, and proposes the application of Internet technology to maximize the sharing of interconnected and interoperable resources. Through the architecture design, this architecture can meet the vision of future needs. It should be open and secure to a certain extent for the interaction and integration of energy service systems.
0 Preface
Smart distribution network is an important part of smart grid, a hot topic of smart grid research, and one of the most active areas for smart grid research and development. The biggest changes in smart grids relative to traditional grids may be reflected in distribution networks. Smart distribution grids allow large-scale access of renewable energy and distributed generation units and the operation of micro grids, and encourage various types of electricity users to actively participate in the grid. Interaction: 1 In the power flow, since the access point of the distributed power supply is in the distribution network, it will lead to bidirectional power flow in the distribution network. The dispatch control and transportation inspection management of the distribution network will tend to the transmission network; 2 In the information flow, the bottlenecks and difficulties that smart grid information integration and information security really need to break through are also on the distribution network. The distribution automation is not only confronted with difficulties in information interaction technology, but also is not adaptable to management changes. 3 In service flow On the other hand, the distribution network is in the middle of the chain, and the system has been formed up and down. It faces the situation that distribution automation has not formed operational control, and it is also facing the pressure of two-way interactive services.
The booming development of Internet-related technologies such as big data, Internet of things, cloud computing, and information and physical convergence has brought opportunities to upgrade and transform smart distribution networks while stimulating a large number of new technologies. The smart distribution network architecture considers the possibility of future operation of a series of systems. It has exceeded the scope of the transmission of electrical energy to terminal equipment, and has expanded to a wide operating environment from centralized power generation systems to user terminal power supplies and distributed power supplies. Apply Internet technology to maximize interconnection and resource sharing. This paper discusses the design of smart distribution network architectures to meet the needs of the future and enhance the openness and security of interaction and integration among energy service systems.
1. New features of smart distribution network
The intelligent distribution network is a distribution network under the complete coverage of distribution automation. The distribution automation equipment controls the topology connection relationship of the distribution network equipment and the operating efficiency of each device connected in the network. It can perceive the non-availability of each device. Health status and fault status, automatic acquisition of critical node variation data and production energy efficiency analysis statistics of the power grid, automatic detection of the status of non-healthy distribution equipment and the introduction or execution of self-healing solutions based on the reliability requirements of distribution network power supply, The fault is in the bud; if a fault occurs, it can automatically detect the fault, locate the fault location, isolate the fault zone, and propose or execute the power supply scheme in the non-faulty region. The information provided by automation is sufficient to support various applications such as planning, design, construction, operation and maintenance, and optimization of smart grids, meeting the needs of high-quality economic management and safe and efficient operation of distribution network companies, smart cities and beautiful rural areas, and modern society. demand.
If we want to more fully define the concept of smart distribution network, we must fully consider the development and changes of technology, and describe the new features of smart distribution network from both connotation and extension.
1.1 The connotation of intelligent distribution network The connotation of intelligent distribution network includes the following aspects:
1) With distribution automation base. Distribution automation is a necessary condition for smart distribution networks. This is because distribution automation integrates the real-time operation of distribution networks, grid structure, equipment, users, and geographic graphics to form a complete distribution automation system.
2) Communication system integrated into the Internet. For the distribution network must be facing the Internet architecture, with the development of Internet technology, especially the rapid development of mobile Internet technology, completely changed the technical ecology of the terminal interconnection, integration of distribution automation terminals into the Internet system is the only way.
3) Ubiquitous sensors and measuring devices. A large number of sensors and smart measurements are sufficient to ensure that system operating parameters, equipment operating status, wide-area measurement networks, and flexible protection systems are reliably provided to provide static and dynamic data for distribution networks, providing intelligent applications of various types. basic information.
4) Smart distribution network master station. Due to the emergence of cloud storage and big data processing, the centralized processing capability of intelligent power distribution can be improved. The key is the adaptability of application requirements and system architecture. The demand is constantly changing and the architecture must be redesigned.
5) Unified transmission and distribution network system data model. This model can effectively integrate the intelligent secondary equipment and advanced analysis and processing procedures of the power grid into a unified analysis framework.
6) Intelligent distribution network management. Through the graphical and geospatial information technology means to maximize the visibility of the primary grid, making the operation of the power system visible, supplemented by a more intelligent, more comprehensive analysis of the application program to achieve efficient and orderly management of the grid, reducing the management difficulty .
7) Unified smart grid data model. The physical model of the power grid is mapped to a standard data model, so that relevant data sources are associated in an efficient, structured, and clear manner. This association does not depend on the physical characteristics of the existing equipment.
8) Unified standard service. Access to common device and application processing results through services hides the internal details of each device and application, allowing the application of system components to be treated as a black box.
9) "Plug and Play" smart devices. The smart distribution network needs to address the configuration requirements of the smart grid devices, information security requirements, data management and switching requirements, and service quality requirements, enabling “plug and play†of smart devices, and minimizing the maintenance workload of the power distribution equipment.
10) Advanced Application Software. Intelligent distribution network through the multi-level analysis of grid data, making the grid more intelligent and coordinated operation, including self-healing power grid distribution network, self-adaptive power and load balancing, distributed power smart access.
11) Information security. Smart distribution network can not only realize data exchange and information integration across services, but also ensure the security of information.
1.2 Extensions of smart distribution networks The extensions of smart distribution networks include the following four aspects:
1) The power supply of the distribution network forms a positive interaction with the needs of users. Through the provision of electricity and market information through smart terminals, users are urged to change their power consumption mode through demand response, actively participate in power grid management and market competition, obtain corresponding economic benefits, and realize interaction between supply and demand.
2) The distribution network has a large number of renewable energy distributed power sources such as wind energy, solar energy and biomass energy. The distributed power supply connected to the distribution network can be automatically adjusted and controlled by the distribution network. The microgrid can control both its own and the distribution network. The corresponding control and regulation system will charge and discharge various distributed energy sources and electric vehicles. The station actively incorporates distribution network management and market transactions, and fully supports environmentally friendly power generation forms.
3) Provide good power quality and power supply reliability. The power quality is monitored, diagnosed and demanded. The power is customized according to different power quality levels. The power quality can meet the requirements of different customers for power quality and high reliability standards.
4) Refined distribution network production control system construction. Study the distribution network risk management and control system to predict the risks in operation, improve the utilization ratio of the distribution network assets, reduce the operating costs, and reduce or postpone the investment. The establishment of an effective and linked optimization design system has formed on-line analysis and statistics for production command, asset management, work flow management, operation and maintenance repair management, and operational status monitoring, and truly supports fine-grained management of distribution production.
2. System architecture design of intelligent distribution network
The distribution network has not yet reached the stage of intelligence and is in the intelligent process. See Figure 1. The business of distribution networks has started to converge with informatization, and distribution automation has been gradually established. However, with the development of distribution networks, smart distribution networks are the direction of development. The most important thing in constructing intelligent distribution networks is to establish a support. Intelligent development and progressive system architecture.
Intelligent distribution network
The architecture of the smart distribution network is proposed under the analysis and research of the important development trends and demands facing the smart grid. Therefore, to build an intelligent distribution network architecture, the following five aspects need to be considered.
1) Efficient use of existing technologies. A framework considered from the ground up can help ensure that the system has sufficient specifications and design extension capabilities when it is first established to protect both current and future needs. The architecture system will realize the integration and expansion with the future system. It can add a new function without the need to upgrade and replace the system in the entire range. Therefore, how to make effective use of international open and common standards and promote the application of advanced communications and computer technologies to energy systems is the most important meaning of standardization. This requires companies to provide standardized products for the realization of the goal of smart grids.
From a global perspective, the power industry must improve the technology level through the informatization and automation of equipment and management. More and more advanced automation technologies and communication infrastructure must support the current needs and be able to meet future energy structure changes. . The power industry needs to change the management system that leads to redundant construction. The smart grid architecture design needs to overcome systems used in isolated sectors, standards that are too narrowly defined, applications with overlapping functions, heterogeneous systems that cannot communicate, and elimination. Restrictions on interconnection and other aspects. A good architecture design can take the initial design and installation into account in the future operation of the system, enabling it to be smart and open, effectively manage and reuse equipment, and extend the life of the equipment.
2) Break the traditional boundaries of the system and achieve a higher level of integration. It is possible to build an integrated system that can realize interoperability and better and more advanced across traditional boundaries and obstacles. This demand is the core driving force for the realization of intelligent architecture. Changes in the modern power industry will require more extensive and close contact between various business entities, requiring that business application systems can interoperate with system integration requirements. For example, the grid wants to integrate distributed power, power supply systems, and user's equipment into one system to form a micro-grid system. The smart architecture needs to dynamically integrate multiple applications into the environment where users can participate in operations. Numerous technical and management issues have to be raised, and new architectural requirements must be designed to break the boundaries of traditional users.
The emergence of microgrid demand will require a very wide range of interoperability between systems, which is unprecedented in the power industry. In the end, the user runs in parallel with the power system. There may be tens of thousands or even millions of devices that are highly related. This is followed by the management of such a large system, which poses a very big challenge for the device user.
The new architecture will evolve into a unified standard system model that eliminates the boundaries between system management and enables more powerful system management functions (including data management, security, monitoring, and diagnostics) that will be directly designed and embedded in the device. Make the power system management more intelligent, extensive and in-depth.
3) Core standard driven model architecture design. The intelligent architecture design is to better coordinate and integrate various industry standards, as well as to meet the development needs of various intelligent power devices and systems that are emerging in the entire industrial field. The key standards are the three core standards of the IEC: the standard for equipment is IEC 61850; the interoperability standard between systems is IEC 61968; the general information model for distribution networks is IEC 61970. The various standards developed by the industry must be able to coordinate and make them applicable to more general field requirements.
In order to achieve the integration of higher standards within and among various standards development organizations, as well as within and between companies, the development of an industry-wide smart architecture is a natural way to meet this need. An architecture will become a key player in the development and integration of future standards. It is not a single standard in the usual sense, but a framework that can provide concrete coherence and involve a wide range of contexts. Only through this method, these standards can hopefully achieve interoperability and meet future needs.
4) Satisfy the emerging new demands. The intelligent architecture is based on the emerging enterprise-level and industrial-level demands. The development of smart grids has resulted in new emergent demands. Therefore, the new system architecture must be able to adapt to new demands. Many existing systems need to be upgraded in order to adapt to future needs. Systems that do not have sufficient capacity to adapt to new needs will be eliminated.
The intelligent architecture places great emphasis on system expansion requirements to achieve future system operation functions that may be required. These future system functions are summarized from various sources of demand. Many requirements are known, but many requirements can be attributed to unknown requirements. Although communications, distributed computing, and information technology are already advanced, these agnostic requirements will still cause many security risks. Therefore, when designing the system architecture, it must take into account the unknown needs that may exist in future power supply systems. In addition to the integration between industries, in some key areas, such as the management of policy systems and system security, more and more needs have emerged. They all need to have a certain degree of sufficient security, both now and in the future.
5) The development of artificial intelligence. Smart architecture is to face the development of future power grids. Artificial intelligence provides the ability and potential to handle the risks, trends, and failures of complex power grids for the processing of big data and the judgment of complex problems; the control and operation of power grids is ultimately managed by machines. And control, this is the ultimate development goal of the smart grid, from the point of view of artificial intelligence development speed, to achieve this goal is just around the corner.
3 Conclusion <br> <br> distribution network at the intermediate layer of the power system, the electric charge of the low-pressure side of the grid and the energy transfer energy responsible interconnected configuration. The smart distribution network must use the thinking and ideas of the Internet to integrate the power system, oil and gas heat pipe network, electric vehicle charging and replacement network, water supply system and other networks to form a future energy system under the concept of multi-energy network coordination and complementation to solve energy problems. The issue of green and low-carbon sustainable development is to achieve the most extensive interconnection of the primary and secondary energy networks.
The smart architecture establishes a series of possibilities that allow for the future operation of the system. The scope of the smart architecture extends to a wide range of operating environments from centralized power generation systems to user terminal power supplies and distributed power supplies. The intelligent architecture is beyond the scope of delivering electrical energy to terminal equipment, and proposes the application of Internet technology to maximize the sharing of interconnected and interoperable resources. Through the architecture design, this architecture can meet the vision of future needs. It should be open and secure to a certain extent for the interaction and integration of energy service systems.
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