How to develop difficult resources

For decades, with shallow burial and easy dressing and smelting continued exploitation of gold resources, China has gradually into deep mining and Refractory resources is increasing. Under this situation, how can China's difficult selection of resources be effectively developed?

Unmanned automated mining is a trend and an important indicator of the development of modern mining. Automated mining, on the one hand, can achieve indoor indoor mining operations, which can solve the problem of mine production safety to the greatest extent, especially in the case of metal mines transferred to deep mining; on the other hand, it is conducive to remote control of production processes, Significantly increase labor productivity and greatly enhance the competitiveness of enterprises, which is of great significance for the exploitation of deep deposits.

In 2015, the State Administration of Work Safety issued a notice to carry out a special operation of “Mechanization Substitution, Automation and Reduction of People” to promote the automation of mining.

Generally speaking, China's mining technology has approached or reached the international advanced level. The overall gap is mainly reflected in the backwardness of mining equipment in a large number of mines, which is a key factor restricting China's mining automation.

Equipment automation is the foundation of mining automation. At present, the mining products of open-pit mines in developed countries have emerged as intelligent products - drilling rigs and mining trucks. The underground mines have also put into operation the main mining equipments such as remote-controlled medium-deep hole drilling rigs, remote-controlled shovel machines, transport trucks, etc. It realizes the unattended or remote control of unmanned electric motor vehicles, large pieces of broken, hoist and other equipment.

This requires China's gold enterprises to actively carry out technological innovation, develop intelligent equipment, and promote the development of automated mining. To truly achieve intrinsic safety, “unmanned mining” is the ultimate goal.

At present, the domestic and international are still in the initial stage of building “unmanned mines”. At this stage, the core technology of unmanned mining is still mechanization, automation and intelligence. As information and communication technologies advance, it will certainly drive unmanned mining from existing automated mining or remote-controlled mining based on traditional mining processes to advanced sensors and inspection and monitoring systems, intelligent mining equipment, high-speed digital communication networks, and new mining processes. The development of advanced “unmanned mines” that are integrated into the main technical features.

Unmanned mining can not be achieved overnight, but intelligent mining is the initial stage of unmanned mining. At present, many gold mining enterprises have started construction and achieved remarkable results, laying a solid foundation for “unmanned mining”, like Inner Mongolia. Wushan, Guizhou Jinfeng, Sanshandao Gold Mine, etc.

Large-scale mining of China's gold mines are mostly small and medium-sized deposits, which are constrained by resource endowment conditions. Traditionally, small-scale mining and mining mode has been adopted, resulting in serious waste of resources, which has greatly restricted the development of metal mining and large-scale mining. Was put on the agenda.

The advantages of large-scale mining are beyond doubt. It has added vitality to changing the extensive mining mode and transforming the economic growth mode. It has improved the level of mining mechanization and mining technology in the mining area, expanded the production scale of the whole district, and promoted the efficient use of mineral resources. It has improved the production and operation efficiency of the mining area, and at the same time avoided the phenomenon of large mine opening, one mine opening and repeated construction, which is the only way for the transformation and upgrading of China's gold industry.

In recent years, the situation of China's gold industry is “small and scattered” is changing. China's gold industry is also developing in the direction of base and park, such as Shandong Zhaoyuan Gold Industrial Park, Yantai Gold Industrial Park, Shaanxi Shaoguan Gold Industry. Garden and so on. Although from the overall situation, industrial concentration has been significantly strengthened, large groups and large companies have developed rapidly and gradually become the backbone of China's gold industry development. However, the current situation of small mines has not been fundamentally changed. China's gold industry is truly The scale mining is still a certain distance.

In fact, although China's gold mines are small in scale, they do not affect the scale development of resources. By taking the dominant mines in the small and medium-sized mines as the main body and assisting the mines in the surrounding areas, the scale of resource reserves of individual mines and the scale of production and construction of mining enterprises can be reasonably improved. For example, in the Jiaodong area, as the country with the highest gold output in the country, with an annual output of more than 70 tons of gold, large-scale mining here can not only serve as a demonstration base for large-scale mining, but also help maximize the value of resources.

Achieve large-scale mining is a system which needs the region's unified planning, integration of resources, to sort out in the mine, beneficiation plant and production number auxiliary systems simple and reasonable basis for determining the area of mine production scale of construction, make the region's pioneering, Optimized design of transportation, ventilation and production support systems.

"At present, China's large-scale gold mines are relatively few. The status quo of "small and scattered" still exists. There is still a long way to go to achieve large-scale mining. However, with the advancement of technology, we have reason to believe that large-scale mining will become a reality.

Comprehensive utilization of resources without loss Although China's gold resources are abundant, the types of gold deposits are complex, with many valuable components associated with or symbiosis. There are few gold minerals with single components, and some of the associated elements have high recovery value, such as silver . Copper , lead , zinc , molybdenum, etc.

The comprehensive utilization of resources can achieve overall consideration of economic, social and environmental benefits. Especially for some mines that have entered the "old age", there are resource crises to a considerable extent. For example, comprehensive development of old tailings with valuable value can be used to alleviate mine resource shortages and extend mine production life. Play an important role.

At present, although most gold companies hope to recycle their associated resources, due to technical and financial constraints, in the process of gold smelting, gold mining enterprises in China generally regard their associated components as their individual The products are recycled as a by-product of comprehensive utilization, and the recycling level is quite different. The large and medium-sized mines are more common in recycling and recycling, and the recycling level is relatively high. Small-scale mines rarely carry out comprehensive recycling of associated elements. A large number of valuable resources, with tailings discharged into the tailings pond.

According to the statistics of China Gold Yearbook 2017, as of the end of 2016, the national gold resources inventory was about 12,167 tons, and China's gold resources have been identified for 13 consecutive years. Correspondingly, with the large-scale mining of gold mines, the reserves of gold minerals that are easy to be selected are reduced, the grades are declining, the conditions for occurrence are complicated, and the number of difficult ore mines is gradually increasing. At present, refractory gold resources account for about one-third of China's proven geological reserves.

Although China has gradually developed bio-oxidation, raw ore roasting and high-pressure oxidation technology, it is at the world's leading level in the refractory gold mining technology. However, overall, the comprehensive resource recovery rate is not high, and there are still a lot of gold resources. Lost with tailings.

In recent years, with the continuous technological optimization and scientific and technological progress, China's comprehensive gold recycling rate is rising, and the continuous integration of resources has gradually increased the number of large-scale mines. “Eating and squeezing the net” has become a predictable expectation.

The future can be expected. Whether it is environmentally friendly mining or international mining, it will be an indispensable part of the mining development map. With the continuous updating of ideas and the continuous development of technology, the low cost of gold mining and the miniaturization of large mines may be in the near future.

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