This year, China may surpass Japan to become the country with the most coal imports worldwide

Data show that in the first four months of this year, China's coal imports reached 58 million tons, compared with only 13.3 million tons in the same period last year. If this scale is maintained, coal imports this year are expected to reach 170 million tons, while Japan's coal imports last year was 162 million tons. Some analysts believe that following the first time that China became a net importer of coal in the last year, China may surpass Japan to become the world's largest importer of coal. However, although China’s imported coal may exceed Japan’s in quantity, the gold content of imported coal is less than that of Japan. Due to factors such as freight and environmental protection, Japan’s demand for coal’s heat content and quality is relatively high. Fully adequate, this situation should be the reason for the policy.

As a big country in coal production and consumption, China was once a net exporter of coal, but this situation was reversed in 2009. In 2009, China's cumulative import of coal was 126 million tons, a year-on-year increase of over 210%; exports of coal were 22.4 million tons, a year-on-year drop of more than 50%; and annual net imports were 103 million tons.

From the perspective of coal varieties, in recent years, imports of anthracite and metallurgical coal have been larger than exports, but thermal coal has always exported more than imports, and because of the large export volume of thermal coal, coal exports have generally been larger than imports. However, thermal coal exports fell by nearly half in 2009, while imports increased by more than 270%, making steam coal imports larger than exports. At the same time, the import volume of metallurgical coal and anthracite also increased significantly, by 411% and 78% year-on-year, respectively, while the export volume decreased significantly year-on-year.

The reasons for the increase in the import volume of thermal coal are well known. Due to poor coal and electricity negotiations, high coal prices, and transportation bottlenecks, many coal-fired power plants, especially southern ones, import coal from foreign countries at a lower cost than domestic ones. At present, the import of coal from southern power plants has continued to increase. In the first four months of this year, Guangdong Province imported 15.28 million tons of coal worth 1.22 billion U.S. dollars, an increase of 150% and 220% year-on-year respectively; Ningbo Port imported 2.299 million tons of coal, worth 220 million U.S. dollars, an increase of 970% and 910% respectively.

The import of anthracite and metallurgical coal is largely due to the rapid increase in production capacity in the metallurgical industry, especially in the steel industry. Driven by investment, China's steel production in 2009 reached 567.8 million tons, an increase of 13.5% year-on-year.

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