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The permanent magnet type magnetic separator can be divided into three types: forward flow type, reverse flow type and semi-reverse flow type according to the structure of the bottom of the tank. The type of the bottom of the box has a great influence on the selection index and operation.
(1) Downstream type permanent magnetic cylinder magnetic separator The feeding direction is the same as the direction of rotation of the cylinder or the moving direction of the magnetic product, as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2(a). The slurry is directly fed to the magnetic system of the cylinder 1 by the feeding tank 3, and the non-magnetic ore particles and the magnetic particles having weak magnetic properties are discharged from the gap between the two bottom plates below the cylinder, and the magnetic ore particles are sucked onto the surface of the cylinder. And rotate with the cylinder to the weaker magnetic field at the edge of the magnetic system, and discharge it into the concentrate tank by the unloading water pipe.
Figure 1 Downstream type permanent magnetic cylinder magnetic separator
1-cylinder; 2-bottom box; 3-feeding tank; 4-transmission section; 5--unloading water pipe;
6-mine adjustment valve; 7-rack; 8-steer
The downstream magnetic separator has a large processing capacity and is suitable for roughing and selecting coarse magnetic grade materials (greater than 6 mm), or for recovering magnetic heavy medium, and can also be used for multiple series work.
Figure 2 Comparison of downstream, countercurrent, and semi-reverse flow type permanent magnetic cylinder magnetic separators
However, the selection index of this magnetic separator is highly influenced by the amount of ore given and is responsive. When the amount of minerals is large, the magnetic ore particles are easily lost to the tailings, so it is necessary to strengthen the operation and control the lower level of the slurry.
(2) Countercurrent type magnetic separator The feeding direction is opposite to the direction of rotation of the cylinder 1 or the moving direction of the magnetic product [as shown in Figs. 3 and 2(b)]. The slurry is directly fed to the cylinder 1 under the magnetic system of the cylinder 1. The non-magnetic ore and the weak magnetic ore are discharged from the tailings hole on the bottom plate below the left edge of the magnetic system. The direction of the ore is taken to the concentrate end and discharged into the concentrate tank.
Figure 3 Countercurrent type permanent magnetic cylinder magnetic separator
1-cylinder; 2-bottom box; 3-rack; 4-transmission section; 5-steering device
1-cylinder; 2-bottom box; 3-rack; 4-transmission section; 5-steering device
This magnetic separator is suitable for rough selection and sweeping of fine-grained ferromagnetic minerals with a particle size of less than 0.6 mm. This is because the tailings discharge is far from the mine end. The selection time is longer and the recovery rate is higher, while the concentrate discharge end is closer to the mine mouth and the magnetic turnover effect is poor, so the concentrate grade is lower. The countercurrent type magnetic separator is not suitable for processing coarse ore. Because of the coarse particle size, the ore particles are easily deposited to block the sorting space.
(3) The semi-reverse flow type magnetic separator has the same ore-feeding direction and magnetic attraction attraction direction. The pulp enters the sorting space from the lower part of the bottom of the tank, and the magnetic ore particles are more easily attracted to the surface of the cylinder and follow the circle. The cylinders are turned to the weakest point of the magnetic field edge and discharged into the concentrate tank. Non-magnetic ore particles or magnetically weak ore particles flow through the left edge of the magnetic system against the direction of rotation of the cylinder and are removed from the rectangular holes in the bottom plate. Therefore, the level of the slurry in the bottom box can be kept constant, and the gap between the bottom plate and the cylinder can be adjusted within a certain range (30 to 40 mm).
This type of magnetic separator can obtain higher quality iron concentrate and also obtain better recovery rate, so the semi-reverse flow magnetic separator is widely used in production practice. It is suitable for the roughing and selection of strong magnetic minerals with fine particles less than 0.2 mm. It can work in multiple stages to achieve multiple selections.
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