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The deposit is the largest Russian titanium deposit, the deposit TiO 2 reserves about 40% Russian TiO (A + B + C) Level 2 reserves. The ore is a self-deformed ore- quartz - quartz sandstone containing 10% to 11% TiO 2 . The deposit was discovered in the 1950s. A detailed and comprehensive study of the mine geology, ore mineralogy and technology of the deposit was carried out. Mineral deposits were designed as early as the 1960s. Completed the trial production of building design: the test block section of Ore (60,000 t / a), built industrial test beneficiation plant (330,000 t / a), sphene roasting plant and the process to obtain TiO 2 (300t / a) Industrial test production workshop.
However, due to the high cost of processing raw materials, the economic benefits of the test enterprises are not good. This is because the titanium concentrate obtained by flotation is a mixture of fine-grained white titanium and quartz. It contains 50% TiO 2 and 45% SiO 2 , so it is recommended to treat it by expensive chlorination, pressure leaching or fire.
Between 2003 and 2004, we proposed an economical treatment process and chemical treatment process to select this concentrate by beneficiation method to increase the TiO 2 grade to 68%. Guarantee access TiO 2 grade of 92% to 95% synthetic rutile product (FIGS. 1 and 2). The whitsite concentrate containing quartz having a particle size of -0.5 mm was fired, and the slag was ground to -0.1 mm. Separating a wet weak magnetic concentrate from the impurities iron hydroxide, followed by flotation of non-magnetic product. Before the rough selection of titanium, sodium fluorosilicate, sulfuric acid and the collectors No. 8 and No. 2 were added and stirred. These chemicals are mineral processing agents jointly developed by the Russian Institute of Rare Metals and the All-Russian Institute of Synthetic Process Science. The No. 2 flotation agent is a primary amine based on a vegetable oil having a C 14 hydrocarbon group. The No. 8 flotation agent is an alkyl propylene diamine based on a T17 oil having a C17 to C20 hydrocarbon group. The flotation reagent is amphoteric and can be used in both acidic and alkaline media.
Figure 1 Number quality process for selecting quartz-containing leucite concentrate
Fig. 2 Process flow of ammonium fluoride method for desiliconization of whitite containing quartz
The positive flotation of white titanium is carried out according to the following procedure: one coarse flotation, two sweeps and two selections. The total concentrate obtained contained 68% TiO 2 and 25% SiO 2 , and the recovery of TiO 2 was 92.7%. The treatment of this rich titanium concentrate by chlorination is more economical than the treatment of concentrates containing 50% TiO 2 , because the consumption of chlorine and reducing agents is reduced and the amount of tailings is also reduced. The continuous selection process of the proposed concentrate was carried out in the expansion flotation unit of the mining workshop selected by the Russian rare metal science research.
The 1.5t raw concentrate was processed. The process specifications obtained validate the laboratory test results.
The chemical beneficiation method containing 68% TiO 2 product is based on the selective reaction of ammonium fluoride with SiO 2 to form volatile silicon ammonium fluoride at a temperature of 150-200 ° C:
NH 4 F+SiO 2 →(NH 4 )2SiF 6 ↑
The concentrate is mixed with NH 4 F stoichiometrically based on SiO 2 and calcined at a temperature of 200 °C. As a result, (NH 4 ) 2 SiF 6 is formed , and part of the ammonia gas and water vapor are separated and recovered. The (NH 4 )SiF 6 sublimated at a temperature rise to 300 ° C can be recovered by a condenser. Only SiO 2 is left in the mixture. After treatment with an ammonia solution, the sublimate forms an ammonium fluoride solution and a SiO 2 precipitate. After the slurry is filtered, the filtrate is sent to evaporation and returned to the front of the process, and silica is used to produce silica gel powder.
Synthetic rutile is the raw material for the production of titanium and other products. The quartz-containing sillimanite concentrate combined selection process consists of the following processes.
The original concentrate containing 50% TiO 2 was ground to -0.28 mm and then wet magnetically selected. The non-magnetic product was treated with a mixture of 40 kg/t HF and 80 kg/t H 2 SO 4 . The purpose of this process is to destroy the continuum of fine-grained quartz and leucoxite, and clean the surface of the particles to expand the difference in physical properties between the two. After washing the agent, the material is sieved into three particle sizes: -0.25 + 0.09 mm, -0.09 + 0.045 mm, and -0.045 mm. The coarse grade (+0.045 mm) after drying is sent to electrification. Titanite is enriched in conductor products, while quartz is enriched in non-conductor products. The two products were selected by electro-election, and the total concentrate of white titanium obtained contained 80.2% of TiO 2 . The concentrate is partially fed to the reverse flotation process for flotation, which separates the quartz into the foam product; another flotation system is used for this purpose. The white titanium oxide concentrate separated by this process contains 79.7% TiO 2 and 15% SiO 2 , and the TiO 2 recovery of the concentrate to the feedstock is 89%.
Chlorination of 80% TiO 2 concentrate can greatly improve the technical and economic indicators of the process, because the chlorine and reducing agent consumption is reduced first, and the tailings amount is reduced. Second, the production capacity of the workshop is improved. The technical and economic calculations completed by the Russian Institute of Rare Metals show that it is profitable to treat the ore of the Yalegsk deposit with the recommended process when the company processes 1.3 million tons of ore per year. The internal profit margin is 15.2%. After applying this process, Yaregsk Mining Chemicals will become one of the leading companies in the production of titanium products from different raw materials.
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