Five major issues that have an important impact on the development of RFID technology

At present, although the main technical directions involved in RFID are developing rapidly, there are still bottlenecks in various aspects. From the current point of view, there are mainly five problems.

Standardization of RFID technology

The standardization work of RFID began in 1995, and was carried out by the Joint Technical Committee of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). A series of RFID technology standards issued by ISO/IEC can be divided into four categories: technical standards, data structure standards, equipment performance standards and application standards. In addition, some specifications are included. From the content of the RFID technology standard formulated by ISO/IEC, it is based on the basic technical standards and data structure standards such as RFID coding, air interface protocol, and reader/writer protocol, and defines the use conditions, label size, label pasting position, and data. Specific performance requirements such as content format and frequency band are used, and application standards are formulated according to the application domain in terms of other functions including data integrity and manual identification. The most important significance of the RFID technology standard developed by ISO/IEC is its versatility. It provides a basic framework that takes into account the characteristics of different application areas and meets the specific requirements of each application field on the principle of ensuring interoperability and interoperability.

EPC Global is the world's second largest RFID standardization organization established by the United States Uniform Code Association (UCC) and the International Article Numbering Association (EAN). The center has developed EPC Global technical standards with many corporate members. The focus of this standard is on "Networking" automatically identifies the data carrier and its contents of the infrastructure and logo, and realizes the exchange and sharing of commodity information on the basis of open technology and computer interconnection, and solves the transparency and traceability of the logistics supply chain. EPC Global is committed to building a standardized service network for global electronic tag users, which is widely used in the industry as the de facto standard. At present, EPC Global also submits some of its own technical standards to ISO in order to become an international standard, so that its technical standards system is more competitive.

The world's third largest RFID technology standard was drafted by the ubiquitous center led by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, and its technical alliance members are mainly Japanese manufacturers. The ubiquitous center organization and its members reject the EPC Global technical standards. The RFID-related standards developed by the organization also build a complete standard system with its own ucode coding system, which remains independent and compatible. The focus of the system is to pay more attention to the security performance of the network and application systems.

In addition to these three major RFID technology standards organizations, AIM-global, the global automatic identification organization and the third world standard organization IP-X, jointly promote the future IoT technology system.

Cost of electronic tags

The cost of electronic tags has an extremely important impact on the promotion of RFID technology. Once you have low-cost electronic tags, you can quickly promote the application. Electronic tags used in RFID systems are classified into active electronic tags (ie active electronic tags) and passive electronic tags (ie passive electronic tags). Active electronic tags are generally equipped with a battery as a power source, and have more data content, so more information is included to achieve more functions and the spatial range of recognition is relatively large; disadvantages are large size, high price, and battery life. It is determined by the tag power consumption. Passive electronic tags are small in size, low in cost, and easy to use, but have limited functions, including small amount of information and short recognition distance. Constrained by cost factors, the actual electronic tags currently used are mostly passive passive electronic tags. There are many factors affecting the price of electronic labels, but the most important ones are materials and electronic components. The volume and power consumption of electronic labels are also important factors affecting prices. Generally speaking, electronic labels with the same technical system and good compatibility are compared in batches. Large, often can reduce the price of a single electronic tag.

Transmitted data interference

RFID technology uses a variety of frequency bands to achieve data communication, complete the identification of electronic tags and the read and write functions of data. Because it uses non-contact communication method, electromagnetic wave is used as the transmission medium and free space is used as the transmission channel. Therefore, the principle of inductive coupling or the principle of backscattering is generally used. The specific frequency band and principle of operation are based on application requirements and application fields. Decide. When electromagnetic waves propagate in space, due to the existence of reflection, refraction, scattering and absorption, the loss of the signal is caused by the loss, and the delay occurs due to the multipath effect, and the indoor space environment and the outdoor space environment have great Randomness makes data transmission interference difficult to analyze in a fixed-condition model. In addition, due to the openness of the space, various electromagnetic wave signals actually exist also cause various types of interference to the spatial transmission channel. In the RFID system, due to the large number of tags, the response signals from different tags interfere with each other after the reader sends a signal. Even when multiple readers are used, the readers interfere with each other. In theory, the larger the RFID. The more complex and prominent the system's own interference problems. For these reasons, in the transmission process of data reading and writing, there will be various fault phenomena such as missed reading and unrecognizable.

Data collision

In many RFID system applications, it is often necessary to read and write data on dozens or even hundreds of tags in a very short time segment (seconds). The signal transmission overlaps in the time domain to generate data. Collision problem. The data collision problem is essentially a channel sharing problem. In the channel sharing problem, four types of time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), space division multiple access (SDMA), and code division multiple access (CDMA) are generally used. The solution is solved, but in the RFID system, due to power consumption and other factors, FDMA, SDMA, and CDMA are not applicable. At present, the TDMA-based anti-collision algorithm is widely used to solve the data collision problem: one is a binary number-based deterministic algorithm, and the other is an ALOHA-based uncertainty algorithm.

Data Security

RFID systems make extensive use of electronic tags. In this environment, business secrets may be leaked. Security threats mainly come from tag threats, network threats and data threats. The computing power, storage space and power supply of RFID tags are relatively limited. The cheaper the electronic tag, the weaker the computing power, and the worse the protection against security threats. Due to the way of wireless communication, in the state where some media can be penetrated, for communication channels of up to 50 meters, criminals can use technology to steal tag information, and cover the electronic tag or read electronic through concealment. The reader of the tag information launches an attack to intercept the information. For the electronic tag itself, the electronic tag with multiple read/write functions is relatively convenient to apply, but there are also hidden dangers, and the security protection strategy is particularly important; for the wireless communication channel, it is vulnerable to illegal interception of communication data; For network connections, it is vulnerable to various attacks from the Internet. RFID systems should guarantee confidentiality, data integrity, anti-spoofing authenticity and privacy of communication information in terms of data security.

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