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All of the equipment in the data center can not work without electricity, so it makes sense to study the data center power supply system. Optimizing data center power systems is one of the major energy-efficient ways to advocate for green, energy-efficient environments today. In fact, many people do not understand the power supply system, do not know the basic principles of their work. For a data center technician speaking, master data center power supply system principles and methods of use, is the most basic skills, it is impossible for each data center has a dedicated electrician to maintain the power supply system, for many small and medium-sized data center , There is no capital to hire electricians alone. Therefore, it is necessary to have some basic knowledge of power supply. This is very beneficial for routine maintenance of data centers and for shortening the time for business recovery in the event of an emergency. This article will be a brief introduction to the data center power supply system.
The data center is also a building that has inherited the basic power supply system used in building engineering. There are three-phase three-wire system and three-phase four-wire system. According to various protection methods, terms and concepts, low-voltage distribution systems, and grounding methods, the International Electrotechnical Commission divides the power supply system into three categories: TT system, TN system and IT system. TT system refers to the electrical equipment directly to the metal shell ground, the load side of the device is not charged metal shell connected with the earth, but with the power distribution transformer neutral point is not directly connected to the electrical, also known as the protective grounding system, of which the first The symbol T indicates that the neutral point of the power system is directly grounded. The second symbol T indicates that the exposed conductive metal part of the load device that is not in contact with the charged body is directly connected to the ground, regardless of how the system is grounded. TT system grounding supplies more, but also need to increase the additional leakage protector, low voltage circuit breaker may not be able to trip, prone to danger, so the TT system is generally used for temporary power supply, security is not high, rarely applicable to data centers, Even if the application is only used as a temporary backup power supply system. The TN system is a protection system that connects the metal housing of the electrical equipment to the neutral wire, also called the zero-protection system. The characteristics of this system is that once the device appears shell charged, pick zero protection system can rise to short-circuit current leakage current, fuse will immediately cause the fuse will be blown, the fault power equipment, very safe, TN system is also more material-saving , The protection of the zero line and the zero line can be done together, if the zero line work also as zero protection line, also known as the protection of neutral. At this point due to unbalanced three-phase load, the work of zero-line unbalanced current, there is voltage to ground, so with the protection of the electrical connection with the metal shell has a certain voltage, this situation applies only to the basic three-phase load balance Case. If the working zero line and zero line protection separately, do not care about three-phase load imbalance problem, this power supply is more reliable, suitable for small and medium-sized data center, the total power consumption is lower than the data center. IT system is a three-phase three-wire grounding system, in which I said that the power side is not working ground, or high impedance grounding, T said the load side of electrical equipment for ground protection, there is no medium line N, only the wiring voltage 380V and no phase voltage 220V , Protect the ground wire PE each ground independently. IT power supply reliability, security, data center is the most important power supply. We often say IT systems, IT migrant workers, not only IT to represent a characteristic of the information industry, in fact, information systems (including data centers) power supply system is also called IT system. Use IT mode power supply, even if the power supply neutral point is not grounded, once the equipment leakage, single-phase leakage current is still very small, will not undermine the balance of power supply voltage, the use of high security.
It is not difficult to see from the introduction above that the biggest difference between the three types of power supply systems lies in the difference of the grounding modes, and the different grounding modes determine the unique characteristics of the entire power supply system. IT systems are the most widely used form of power supply in today's data centers, which is why we all call information unification as IT, not just the abbreviation for Information Technology. The power supply system used in the data center, which allows a fairly wide range of input voltage and frequency fluctuations typical of about 15% of 380/220 and about 10% of 50Hz respectively, is well supported by the IT system. However, IT systems are also inadequate. IT systems can not be equipped with neutral N, so it is not suitable for data centers with a large number of single-phase devices. Also, when the power supply distance is long, the power supply line compares most distributed capacitances Big When the load short-circuit fault or leakage make the equipment shell is charged, the leakage current through the ground to form a road, the protection equipment is not necessarily action, it is more dangerous, all IT systems only when the power supply distance is not long, safer. Thus, no matter what kind of power supply system, has its advantages and disadvantages of use, need to be based on the actual use of a comprehensive assessment of which way to use, from the point of view of the case has been applied, the data center or the IT system.
Power supply system is the power source of the entire data center, the equivalent of a person's "heart and blood vessels", responsible for the energy delivered to each device in the data center, the power supply system to work properly, is the premise of all other systems to work properly And based, so to ensure the safe and reliable operation of data center power supply system is particularly important. Three kinds of power supply mode, only the highest reliability IT mode, it has become the most widely used data center power supply. Although compared with TT, NT, IT system construction costs the highest, but also the most secure and most stable. Of the cost of building a data center, the power system is often the largest part of the entire data center, sometimes up to 50% of the overall investment and is the most critical part of the data center. Building a functioning power supply system is essential for a data center to operate safely throughout its life cycle. Building an efficient power supply means saving energy in datacenter operations. The longer a data center runs, the higher its revenue. Today's datacenters improve their power supply with a variety of small system optimizations that serve two main purposes: one is security The other is energy saving. No matter how it is changed, the basic of the power supply system will never change. The three-phase three-wire system of the IT system will not change. Therefore, to master the usage characteristics of the IT system can quickly enter the maintenance of the power supply system of the data center. On this basis, To learn other complex technologies, such as circuit backup, noise processing, leakage protection, etc., these are ancillary components of the power supply system, and power are closely linked.
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