Germplasm Bank Design Principles

General principles for design: Safety, reliability, forward-looking, rational and practical layout, compliance with environmental requirements, and consideration of advanced nature under the premise of ensuring safety (Ellis et al., 1990; Chen Shuping 1995). Due to the strong professionalism of the germplasm resource bank, the above design ideas and principles must always be implemented during the engineering design process.
1. Security Plant germplasm resources are formed through long-term evolution of nature under different ecological conditions. They contain a variety of potential genes that can be used. They are valuable assets of the country. Therefore, in the design and construction of the germplasm resource bank, safety should be given top priority and consideration should be given to preventing geological disasters, waterproofing, fire prevention and accident prevention. Anti-geological disasters are mainly focused on earthquake prevention. Others such as collapse and landslide should also be considered. In earthquake prevention, according to the National Standard GB50223-9 of the People's Republic of China â€œClassification Standard for Seismic Fortification of Buildingsâ€, the germplasm resource bank is classified as Category B building, ie, the earthquake action should be calculated according to the earthquake fortification intensity in this area. Anti-seismic measures should be increased by 1 degree when the fortification intensity is 6~8 degrees. In addition to earthquake protection for building design, polyurethane insulation cold storage and seed rack design should also consider earthquake protection measures. This is because more and more aluminum foil bags are used in seed packaging containers. If collapse occurs, the bags may be cracked and mixed. seed. Waterproofing should focus on flood protection. For example, the storage cold storage of the U.S. National Genebank is located on the 2nd floor of the building, which is about 3 m above the ground. This is due to the fact that there is a reservoir in the upper reaches of the area. If the stormwater drainage is considered, the floor of a cold storehouse should generally be about 1 m above the ground. In other respects, there can be no fuel warehouses and dangerous chemical drug stores around the building site. There must be enough open space around the germplasm bank building to allow the fire brigade to arrive quickly in the event of an accident. Fire alarms, monitoring, and alarm devices inside and outside the library should be considered. Special consideration should be given to alarm devices when people cannot leave the cold room.
2. Reliability Germplasm conservation is a project that relates to future generations and does not have time boundaries. The core of the project is to extend the life of the seeds as much as possible, and maintaining the temperature of the cold storage is the most critical. In the course of storage of the seed, if maintenance is stopped due to a failure of the refrigeration equipment, it may cause the temperature of the reservoir to rise. Such a wide range of temperature fluctuations can more easily accelerate the aging of the seed. For this reason, the design of refrigeration dehumidification technology for low-temperature storage should be selected as a reliable and stable technology in practice, and new technologies with experimental properties must not be designed or used. Because the germplasm resource repository is not a test site, it preserves the state. The precious resources are priceless. In the control system, in addition to the automatic control system, there should also be a manual control system to prepare the manual control system when the automatic control system fails. Refrigeration equipment should also be designed as spare as much as possible to ensure the reliability of the operation process. A two-way power supply system is also required for the power supply, and diesel generators should be provided in areas where the power supply is problematic.
3. Forward-looking Because of the large investment cost of constructing the germplasm resource bank, the development in the next 10 to 20 years should be considered as much as possible during design. Including the amount of germplasm stored in the warehouse, the increase in personnel, and the development of information. In the layout, there should also be room for development.
4. Reasonable layout In terms of overall layout, for a comprehensive germplasm resource bank, the liquid nitrogen ultra-low temperature library and the seed cryogenic storage can be considered on the first floor, and the tissue culture bank can be considered on the second floor. In addition, it should ensure that the process flow is reasonable, that is, the flow of seeds during the processing before entering the warehouse should be reasonable and not pushed. Under normal circumstances, the seed processing operation flow is: (1) Acceptance and registration of seeds in the acceptance operation room, verification of seed weight and appearance quality, and statistics of seeds for germination detection; (2) Statistics for germination detection seeds (usually 200-400 pieces) are sent to the germination test room for temporarily storing the seeds for preservation in the temporary storehouse; (3) the germination rate test is performed in the germination test room; (4) the seeds that pass the germination rate test are sent from the temporary storehouse Drying and dehydration in the drying room; (5) Determination of moisture content and seed packaging in the packaging room; (6) Store the packaged seeds in the cold storage permanently. Therefore, the layout of each operation room and storage cold storage can be arranged according to the above-mentioned flow.
5. Conformity to environmental protection requirements First of all, consider the possible noise problems caused by the low-temperature germplasm resource refrigerating units. If the low-temperature library is built in the residential cultural and educational areas, the design standards should be implemented in accordance with the national â€œindustrial boundary standard for industrial enterprises (GB12348-90)â€. It is 55 dBA in the daytime and 45 dBA at night. Specifically, according to the area where it is located, noise problems may be considered according to national standards. Secondly, in the selection of refrigeration units, environmental considerations for refrigerants should also be considered. Instead of using refrigeration units using R502 and R12 refrigerants, R502 and R12 are refrigerants that will be banned from use. In addition, for the eliminated and discarded seeds, it is necessary to prevent possible transmission of pests and diseases. For the construction of in vitro libraries and DNA libraries, environmental protection and safety issues must also be considered when designing, such as the need to consider safety issues for certain harmful microbes and genetic engineering materials. For the pre-treatment and research process of chemical reagents, it is necessary to consider the construction of a special reagent collection and treatment facilities, and the laboratory needs to install anti-acid and alkali corrosion drainage pipes. Therefore, before the construction of the germplasm resource bank, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive and systematic demonstration and assessment of environmental protection issues.
6. Advanced design of building automation and refrigeration units can be considered advanced design, but in the refrigeration and dehumidification technology, the first consideration is safety and reliability, based on which to consider the advanced nature, because there are many kinds of domestic and foreign In order to pursue the so-called advanced technology, the resource pool cannot achieve normal operation. For example, the germplasm resource bank wants to achieve low-temperature preservation of seeds by liquid nitrogen spray gasification and cooling of the warehouse, but it has been proved to be infeasible afterwards. Seed pretreatment equipment and related experimental equipment should be based on advanced nature.