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Flotation operation
A very good sorting effect can be obtained by the nature of the three-point ore and the seven-point flotation operation. For flotation operations, it is especially important to understand the nature of the drug.
The adjusting agent adjusts the acidity and alkalinity of the medium, wherein the activator promotes the mineral collecting or eliminates the inhibitory effect, the inhibitor increases the hydrophilic force of the mineral, and the flocculant eliminates the influence of fine mud and harmful ions to form flocculation and precipitation.
Collectors and foaming agents are the two most basic and most critical agents for flotation. The former change ore particle surface properties, increase the hydrophobicity, such as ethyl, butyl xanthate, pale yellow powder, irritating odor, can form insoluble compounds with various metal ions, which collectors strong force, wide mixing a non-ferrous metal sulfide ore flotation, the flotation Laid adapted brass ore, sphalerite, pyrite and the like. Under certain conditions, the copper sulfide ore may be preferentially floated from the iron sulfide ore, or the zinc sulfide activated by copper sulfate may be floated. The useful minerals may be collected separately or in combination, and the thickness of the surface layer of the mineral particles may be thickened to produce a co-adsorption by a synergistic effect.
The latter foams and stabilizes the bubbles, so that the bubbles can achieve "anti-merging, enhancement, and longevity". The commonly used pine oil, also known as No. 2 oil, has strong foaming properties and can produce uniform size, compact structure and medium viscosity. Foam, when the amount is too much, the foam becomes fine and sticky, which affects the quality of the concentrate and normal operation. It is widely used in flotation of various metal or non-metal ore mines, and is mainly used for flotation of various sulfide ore such as copper, lead , zinc and iron ore and various non-sulfurized ore. It has obvious catching effect on volcanic materials such as talc , sulfur, graphite , molybdenite and coal .
The three basic principles of flotation operations.
1. According to the quality requirements of the product;
2. It is based on the nature of the mineral;
3. It is relatively stable to maintain the flotation process.
"Three degrees and one quasi" is to accurately control the grinding fineness, flotation concentration and pulp pH in the flotation production process, and the flotation agent should be given.
"Three Qin, four quasi, four good, two timely, one does not move" operation method refers to diligent observation of foam changes, diligent concentration measurement, diligent adjustment, pharmaceutical preparation and addition, quasi-grade change and accurate change The reason is accurate, the amount of foam scraping is accurate, the flotation is well connected with the medicine station, the flotation is well connected with the grinding, the flotation is well connected with the sand pump, and the mixed flotation is well connected with the separation flotation. The problematic research is timely, the problem is solved in a timely manner, and the flotation machine gate is not tampering.
The evaluation of the flotation effect is to accurately judge the quality of the product through the flotation phenomenon, which is the key to whether the manual operation can achieve good indicators. Whether the flotation worker can accurately adjust the flotation agent addition amount, the concentrate scraping amount and the medium ore circulation amount depends mainly on the correctness of the judgment of the appearance of the flotation foam. Frequently, mineralized foam is used as the object to study the virtual and real size, the sound color profile and the sticky thickness.
The virtual and real reflection of the degree of mineralization on the surface of the bubble, generally the coarse selection of foam is more "real", the sweep is more "virtual"; the size refers to the size of the bubble on the surface of the foam layer, often with the nature of the ore, the pharmaceutical system and flotation operations. In the flotation of sulfide ore, the bubble diameter of 80 mm - 100 mm can be regarded as a large bubble, the bubble of 30 mm - 50 mm is a bubble, and the bubble of 10 mm - 20 mm. The bubble mineralization is good for the middle bubble, such as rough selection operation, when the mineralization is poor, it is mostly small bubbles, and the sweeping tail is mostly small bubbles.
Acoustic refers to the sound produced when the foam is scraped into the foam tank. When the mineral is heavy and the grain size is coarse, it will be “sand†when it is scraped out into the foam tank. The color of the foam is caused by the attached minerals. determining color of the water film, as thick dressing was selected operations floating color depth, good quality concentrate, and suspended mineral scavenging job light color; mineral foam is determined by gloss and gloss water film gloss, the thickness of the floating mineral particles The surface gloss of the foam has an effect; the contour is often nearly circular and elliptical, and the newly formed mineralized bubble has a clear outline, the pulp surface and the foam with a long residence time, and the bubble contour is blurred.
If the foam is too brittle, the stability is poor, and it is easy to break. If it is too sticky, it is easy to "run the trough" and it is difficult to transport. The thickness is related to the amount of foaming agent and the degree of mineralization of the bubble. The amount is large and the mineralization is good. If the flotation particles are too thick, it is difficult to form a thick foam layer.
“A common method for judging the quality of flotation products is to observe foam and panning products. Wash the foam and tailings with a bowl or spoon to identify the quality of the concentrate and the metal loss. When checking the fine-grain level that is difficult to distinguish with the naked eye, Binocular microscope. For example, the tailings of the “one coarse four fine six sweeps†flotation process, the sulphur-containing metal wire with only the hair strands washed out, and the test results can cut the gold grade of the tailings to 0.3 g/ton, the metal wire. The surrounding iron scraps are the products of the steel ball peeling off during grinding and stripping. A selected factory initially suspected that the iron scraps were wrapped in gold. After testing, the gold grade contained in the mill was found to be within the allowable range of laboratory error or the same as the tailings gold grade. In order to make the panning inspection accurate, it is necessary to make the location and quantity of each sampling as close as possible to the degree of panning.
ZAMAK is a family of alloys with a primary base metal of zinc and alloying elements of aluminium, magnesium and copper. Zamak alloys are part of the zinc aluminium alloy family. ZAMAK alloys are commonly used for Zinc Die Casting applications.It is applied to castings that do not require high mechanical strength, such as toys, lamps, decorations, and some electrical components. Die casting is a metal casting process characterized by the use of a mold cavity to apply high pressure to the molten metal. Molds are usually machined from higher strength alloys, some of which are similar to injection molding.
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