Road Transport Exhibition launches new LPG passenger cars into the mainstream

The new car is an indispensable landscape at the auto show. At the 2013 Beijing Road Transport Exhibition held recently, a total of 12 new cars debuted. Among them, Huanghai Bus has become the company that displays the most new products with three new cars, followed by Ankai Bus and Shanghai Shenlong, bringing two new cars respectively.

School bus and bus new product less natural gas bus new mainstream

Of the 12 new vehicles in the current road transport exhibition, 6 were natural gas buses (including gas-electric hybrid vehicles), which became the main force of new products for this auto show. There are relatively few new school bus and bus products. There are only four vehicles in total, including the Anke HFF6111KX4 long American school bus, the Yellow Sea DD6129CHEV5N gas-electric hybrid bus, the Shanxi Yuxing pure electric bus and the Shenlong light school bus.

Yutong Bus, the bus industry leader, announced a 10-meter ZK6118H semi-highway passenger car at the road transport exhibition. This car can choose either diesel or natural gas. According to the Yutong bus staff, the car achieved the 11m car's return from the acquisition cost of an ordinary 10m car without compromising ride comfort. Compared with an ordinary 10m car, the car has an additional six seats, reaching 4911 total seats for 11m cars. In addition to the increase in the number of seats, the luggage compartment has also increased 1 cubic meter of space.

Yutong 10m 1st floor car - ZK6118H

Ankai passenger car has released a luxury gas passenger car aimed at medium and short-distance intercity passenger lines at the auto show. The model uses an international design and leading technology configuration, forming a full range of models covering 10.6 meters -12 meters, and there are fuel and gas versions of two different options. According to Ankai staff, at present, the department's model adopts Ankai's unique patented design, the automatic fresh air ventilation system, and can automatically control the concentration of carbon dioxide in the induction car to keep the normal oxygen concentration in the car and make the car. The air inside is fresher than the outside; an air purifier is installed to effectively eliminate bacteria and eliminate harmful gases and improve the air quality inside the vehicle.

Ankai released a luxury gas road passenger car

The DD6128C02N natural gas tourist bus brought by Huanghai Bus is a newly developed 12-meter natural gas vehicle. It is understood that this car uses the newly developed exterior design and full load bearing structure of the Yellow Sea. The skeleton adopts a closed loop structure, which makes the vehicle more robust and able to cope with various road conditions, and is very suitable for the tourism market. Huanghai bus staff told the reporter that LNG buses are currently very popular with the market (especially in the northwest region). It was this business opportunity that the Huanghai Bus developed this new model.

Yellow Sea DD6128C02N LNG Luxury Natural Gas Tourist Bus

After a five-year absence, the re-entering West Wagon also followed the market trend, bringing with it the 900iLNG road bus that was just introduced to the market by the end of 2012. "This model is a product independently developed by Xiwo after learning from Volvo's manufacturing concept and technology. After launch, it was very popular among users. A user in Liaoning bought 30 vehicles at a time." According to Xiwo staff According to its test data, this LNG bus can save more than 100,000 yuan in fuel costs a year under the same route and the same mileage.

Sivo 900i LNG Road Passenger Car

The "host" North Neoplan also brought its first LNG model with a range of up to 700 kilometers. "The car is a semi-highway passenger car developed specifically for the natural gas vehicle market by North Neoplan, equipped with a Yuchai engine." According to reports, the car is not only more environmentally friendly and energy-saving, but also extends the safety of North Neoplan. High demand. â€œNorthern Neoplan's car represents the highest level of safety in the country. When purchasing steel, Baosteel staff once stated that the steel purchased by the domestic passenger car company is the highest grade.â€ Indicated.

North Neoplan BFC6128HKG3 LNG Road Passenger Car

New Technology Promotes Road Passenger Cars to Save Fuel and Safer

In order to increase the attention and influence of the auto show, bus companies have also faced fierce competition around energy saving and safety technology.

On the first day of the show, Hager passenger car and Michelin tires announced the passenger car industry's first smart fuel-efficient passenger car. It was determined that under the full load condition, the fuel consumption per 100 kilometers of this Haig 12-meter bus was only 19.97 liters. It is understood that this car is so fuel-efficient, mainly in the power and transmission systems, vehicle lightweight, intelligent and energy management in the application of a dozen latest technology.

The first smarter fuel-efficient passenger car in the passenger car industry announced by Higer and Michelin tires

First of all, Hager's technicians took advantage of the advanced windchill system to absorb the frontal anti-impact capability of the traditional semi-loaded carrier. The central keel part of the traditional full-loaded skeleton was separately reinforced again and named as the central keel type full load carrier, which not only made the vehicle complete. Azimuth anti-impact ability has been greatly improved, but also played a lightweight effect, about 400Kg lighter than similar products, so that 100km fuel consumption is reduced by about 0.5L.

Secondly, the nanotechnology coating film on the glass of the car can still block more than 99% of ultraviolet rays and more than 80% of infrared rays in the case of a transmittance of 85%, which effectively blocks light and insulates heat. Energy efficiency reaches 30%.

In addition, the Haiger G-BOS Smart Operation System II is the first nationwide intelligent management system that can realize unified platform management, which can not only guarantee the safety of vehicle operations, but also enable accurate monitoring of fuel consumption.

In addition to energy conservation, bus companies are also making painstaking efforts in vehicle safety.

Dajinlong staff told the reporter that the biggest changes in the new 5 Series models that Daikin Dragon will launch this year are the â€œLong Wingâ€ technology platform launched by Dajinlong this year. It has installed such advanced systems as lane departure warning systems and panoramic viewing systems. . â€œAnd the number of seats in this model is the largest among the 11-meter and half-size models, which can reach 4911.â€

Grand Golden Dragon focuses on the introduction of the new 5 Series models

This year's Auto Show, Shanghai Shenlong also brought a new layer of semi-high road passenger car SLK6129 that is safer and more comfortable. Shen Long staff told the reporter that the car adopts a new model, full load bearing structure and independent suspension; increasing the distance between the seats not only ensures the safety of the vehicle, but also improves the ride comfort. In addition, the driver's driving area adopts a sunken design, which not only adds six seats to the passenger area, but also makes the driving area more comfortable and the driver's vision more open.

Fr4 PCB

PCB Material Fr4 Substrate PCB Board Manufacturing Service

As you know, the printed circuit board plays a vital role in electronic products, so you need to consider how to choose the right material in your PCB manufacturing. JHYPCB can offer you the lowest possible costs and the very finest in high-quality PCB fabrication and high-quality PCB assembly. However, there are many different types of PCB materials, such as FR-4 material, HDI material, Rogers PCB material, and so on. In general, we use the standard FR-4 material for the printed circuit boards to reduce product costs, which is a good option because FR-4 material is affordable and useful for many applications. However, FR-4 material is not the only type of PCB material; comparing to PCB material, FR-4 material, and Rogers material is essential.

What is FR4?

FR4 is a standard defined by the NEMA (National Electrical Manufacturers Association) for a glass-reinforced epoxy resin laminate.

"FR" indicates the material is flame-retardant, and the "4" indicates woven glass-reinforced epoxy resin. Single or double-sided PCB structures consist of an FR4 core and top and bottom copper layers. Multilayer PCB boards have additional prepreg layers between the center core and top and bottom copper layers. The core consists of a substrate with copper covering, also referred to as a copper-clad laminate(CCL). The core, laminate, and prepreg may all be FR4 with the copper sheets between the signal and ground layers. FR4 is the most common material grade that comprises fabricated circuit boards.

FR-4 or FR4`s properties and characteristics make it very versatile at an affordable cost. Before the explosion of multilayer PCBs, there were many alternative board materials to FR4. These included FR2, CEM 1, and CEM 3, which were paper-based. However, the strength of FR4, especially for multilayer PCB boards, was a significant factor in separating it from alternatives to become the industry standard. Therefore, Most PCBs are made using FR4 as the base material.

FR4 materials and characteristics

Its glass transition (TG) is 115Â°C to 200Â°C for the High TGs or HiTGs, depending on the manufacturing methods and the resins used. A standard FR-4 PCB will have a layer of FR-4 sandwiched between two thin layers of laminated copper.

FR-4 uses bromine, a so-called halogen chemical element that is fire resistant. It replaced G-10, another less resistant composite, in most of its applications.

FR4 has the advantage of having an excellent resistance-weight ratio. It does not absorb water, keeps high mechanical strength, and has an excellent insulating capacity in dry or humid environments.

Examples of FR-4

Standard FR4: as its name indicates, this is the standard FR-4 with heat resistance of the order of 140Â°C to 150Â°C.
High TG FR4: this type of FR-4 has higher glass transition (TG) of around 180Â°C.
High CTI FR4: Comparative Tracking Index higher than 600 Volts.
FR4 with no laminated copper: ideal for insulation plates and board supports.
There are more details of the characteristics of these different materials later in the article.

Factors to consider when choosing the thickness

Compatibility with components: even though FR-4 is used to produce many types of the printed circuit, its thickness affects its components. For example, THT components are different from other components and require a thin PCB.

Space-saving: space saving is essential when designing a PCB, particularly for USB connectors and Bluetooth accessories. The thinnest boards are used in configurations in which space-saving is crucial.

Design and flexibility: most manufacturers prefer thick boards to thin ones. Using FR-4, if the substrate is too thin, it would be at risk of breaking if the board dimensions were increased. On the other hand, thicker boards are flexible and make it possible to create V-grooves.

The environment in the PCB that will be used must be considered. For an electronic control unit in the medical field, thin PCBs guarantee reduced stress. Boards that are too thin - and therefore too flexible - are more vulnerable to heat. They can bend and take on an undesirable angle during the component soldering steps.

Impedance control: the board thickness implies the dielectric environment consistency, in this case, FR-4, which facilitates impedance control. When impedance is an essential factor, the board thickness is a determining criterion to be taken into account.

Connections: the type of connectors used for a printed circuit also determines the FR-4 thickness.

The Different Types of FR-4 Available From JHYPCB

JHYPCB STANDARD FR-4 MATERIAL PROPERTIES

High Glass Transition Temperature (Tg) (150Tg or 170Tg)
High Decomposition Temperature (Td) (> 345Âº C)
Low Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) ((2.5%-3.8%)
Dielectric Constant (@1 GHz): 4.25-4.55
Dissipation Factor (@ 1 GHz): 0.016
UL rated (94V-0, CTI = 3 minimum)
Compatible with standard and lead-free assembly.
Laminate thickness available from 0.005" to 0.125"
Pre-preg thicknesses available (approximate after lamination):

(1080 glass style) 0.0022"
(2116 glass style) 0.0042"
(7628 glass style) 0.0075"

Standard FR4

FR4 SHENGYI family S1000H
Thickness from 0.2 to 3.2 mm.
FR4 VENTEC family VT 481
Thickness from 0.2 to 3.2 mm.

FR4 High TG

FR4 SHENGYI family S1000-2
Thickness from 0.6 to 3.2 mm.
FR4 VENTEC family VT 47
Thickness from 0.6 to 3.2 mm.

FR4 High IRC

FR4 SHENGYI family S1600
Standard thickness 1.6 mm.
FR4 VENTEC family VT 42C
Standard thickness 1.6 mm.

FR4 with no copper

This material is an epoxy glass with no copper, designed for use in insulation plates, templates, board supports, etc. They are manufactured using Gerber type mechanical drawings or DXF files.
Thickness from 0.3 to 5 mm.

The Difference Between FR-4 Material and Rogers Material

1. FR-4 material is cheaper than Rogers material.
2. Comparing to FR-4 material, Rogers material is great with high frequencies.
3. FR-4 material has a high Df or dissipation factor than Rogers material, suffering more signal loss.
4. In impedance stability, Rogers material has a wider range of Dk values than FR-4 material.
5. For dielectric constant, FR-4 features a Dk of about 4.5, which is lower than Rogers material with around 6.15 to 11.
6. In temperature management, Rogers material has a less variation comparing to FR-4 material.

When is FR4 Not the Best Material For Your Board?

FR4 is indeed a good standard or default option for your board material in most cases. However, there are cases where FR4 is not the best material for your board, as listed below.

If lead-free soldering is required

If your boards will be distributed in Europe and must adhere to The Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive (RoHS) or your client necessitates that lead-free soldering be used, then you may want to explore other material options. This is due to the fact that reflow temperatures for no-lead PCBA(Lead-free PCB Assembly) may reach as high as 250Â°C, which substantially exceeds the Tg for many versions of FR4.

If high-frequency signals are used

At high frequencies, FR4 boards are not able to maintain a constant impedance and reflections may occur that negatively impact signal integrity. This is a consequence of the relatively high value for dk.

If the board will be exposed to extremely high temperatures during operation

It is also ill-advised to use FR4 if the PCB will be required to operate in an environment under extremely high temperatures. An example would be near the engine compartment of an aerospace vehicle.

FR4 is rightly the most used material in PCB construction. Boards made from FR4 are strong, water resistant, and provide good insulation between copper layers that minimizes interference and supports good signal integrity. However, at high frequencies and in environments, FR4 is not the best material to use for your boards. At JHYPCB, the industry leader in fast, high-quality PCB Prototype and low-volume manufacturing, we are capable to meet your board material needs for any case. We will work with you to help you select the materials that will best implement your design intent.

And to help you get started on the best path, we furnish information for your DFM checks. If you are ready to have your design manufactured, Try to contact us via email.

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JingHongYi PCB (HK) Co., Limited , https://www.pcbjhy.com