Three Aspects of Environmental Factors Affecting Soil Moisture

In our measurement and study of soil moisture, we used soil moisture detectors to accurately measure soil moisture in different regions and found that elevation, soil, slope direction, slope position, slope type, and other objective factors in different regions will cause soil moisture The effect of difference. In scientific research, in addition to the objective factors of the soil itself, all other factors that affect soil moisture are collectively referred to as environmental factors.

Environmental factors have dynamic variability in time and space and regional spatial differences. For example, there are daily changes in temperature, seasonal changes during the year, interannual changes, latitude changes, and altitude changes. Precipitation changes include rain intensity, rain patterns, rainfall duration, regional changes, seasonal changes, and interannual changes. There are many influencing factors such as topography and solar radiation. These factors are dynamic, and interact with other factors, making their effects on soil moisture extremely complex.

The environmental factors mainly affect the soil moisture status from three aspects.

The first aspect is the condition of water recharge that affects the soil. Water recharge is not only related to the nature of precipitation itself, but under the same rainfall conditions, the topography, surface vegetation status, and land preparation measures are not the same. This kind of impact factor influences the recharge situation through two ways, that is, changing the residence time of the ultra-osmotic flow on the soil surface and changing the infiltration environment of the soil. Under the condition of constant infiltration rate, the longer the surface water retention time, the better the water recharge condition; the infiltration environment includes the surface water flow velocity, temperature, water turbidity, and surface water depth during infiltration, etc., by changing the soil. The infiltration environment then affects the infiltration rate of the soil in order to achieve the purpose of changing the water supply.

The second aspect is to change the infiltration and storage capacity of the soil itself. For example, farming measures, land preparation measures, types of land use, and the status of surface vegetation all alter or change the physical properties and infiltration performance of the soil to varying degrees.

The third aspect is to change the level of soil consumption. The spatial-temporal differences of environmental factors profoundly affect the moisture loss pathways such as soil moisture leakage, evapotranspiration, and subsurface flow. It also includes direct and indirect effects on two levels, such as ground cover reduction, evaporation, plant root fracture increase, and deep leakage. Such as a direct role, the environmental factors indirectly affect the loss of soil moisture by changing the soil physical properties or structural conditions, such as granule structure, non-capillary porosity, crusts and tight plough bottom.

In summary, the spatial and temporal dynamic variability of soil moisture and the spatial and temporal differences of environmental factors determine the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of soil moisture. The spatial-temporal difference of soil moisture is the result of the interaction of various environmental factors on multiple scales. The effects of these factors on the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of soil moisture show significant spatial changes and temporal variations.

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