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[ China Agricultural Machinery Industry News ] Promoting farmers' income increase is the key to solving the "three rural" problem. The peasants' income is not going up, affecting the improvement of farmers' living standards, affecting food production and agricultural product supply; not only restricting rural economic development, but also restricting national economic growth; it not only affects rural social progress, but also the realization of the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way.
In recent years, the domino effect of rural economic and social development caused by the slowdown in farmers' income has become a fundamental contradiction and problem related to the overall situation of economic and social development. To this end, we conducted a survey jointly with Huazhong Agricultural University, and concluded that the contribution rate of agricultural mechanization to agricultural output reached 26%, and the per capita net income of farmers increased by 270.27 yuan, and the agricultural mechanization was An important technical means to promote farmers' income.
Agricultural machinery is one of the means of increasing farmers’ income
In 2015, the per capita disposable income of farmers in Hubei Province reached 11,844 yuan, which was mainly composed of wage income, family business income, transfer income and property income.
Among them, the wage income is 3683 yuan, accounting for 31.1% of the total income of farmers; the family business income is 5281 yuan, accounting for 44.6% of the total income of farmers; the property income is 161 yuan, accounting for 1.4% of the total income of farmers; The income was 2,719 yuan, accounting for 22.9% of the total income of farmers. From 2004 to 2015, the per capita disposable income of farmers in Hubei Province increased by 3.1 times. Among them, wage income increased by 3.88 times, family business income increased by 1.57 times, transfer income increased by 39.6 times, and property income increased by 9.06 times. Relatively speaking, farmers' family business income has grown slowly, and its proportion in total farmers' income has also declined, from 71% in 2004 to 44.6% in 2015.
The peasant family business income is the main source of peasant income, ensuring that the peasants' income growth momentum is not reversed, and needs to be benefited from many aspects. It needs to rely on the extensive use of agricultural machinery and other modern scientific and technological means in agricultural production, from water saving, fertilizer saving, and festivals. Start with medicine and energy conservation, reduce production costs, improve agricultural management efficiency and total factor productivity, and increase farmers' income.
Agricultural mechanization increased 1% of farmers' per capita income by 270.27 yuan
There are many factors affecting the income of farmers. The investigation team selects the factors of agricultural machinery application in the conditions of modern agricultural production and analyzes its contribution to the increase of farmers' income. Through the use of genetic algorithm to analyze the Hubei Statistical Yearbook from 2004 to 2015 and Hubei Agricultural Mechanization Annual Report data, the annual contribution rate of agricultural mechanization to agricultural output reached 26%; by establishing the level of agricultural mechanization in Hubei Province from 2004 to 2015 The regression model between farmers' per capita net income shows that there is a significant positive correlation between the per capita net income of farmers and the level of agricultural mechanization. For every 1 percentage point increase in the level of agricultural mechanization, the per capita net income of farmers increases by 270.27 yuan. If the level of agricultural mechanization in Hubei increases by 1 percentage point per year, 40 million farmers in the province will increase their income by more than 10.8 billion yuan.
Agricultural mechanization can reduce agricultural production costs, increase crop yields, transfer farmers' employment, boost scale management and improve agricultural product quality, and promote farmers' income.
The survey shows that mechanized production of crops can significantly reduce production costs and increase production in multiple links. The increase in production is generally between 1% and 15%. The two stages of rice planting and harvesting can realize mechanized production of 110 yuan per mu. The rapeseed machine can increase the yield by 19.7 kg per mu compared with the artificial, and the deep-slung wheat can increase the yield by 9% per mu. At the same time, the development of agricultural mechanization has replaced the manpower with machinery, filled the worries of the “hollowing†of rural areas, solved the problem of “who will plant the land†in rural areas, and provided the possibility of moderately large-scale operation of the land. The transfer to other industries created conditions. In addition, the application of agricultural machinery application and fertilization technology has effectively reduced the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and water resources, and promoted the green development of agriculture. Mechanical drying can effectively improve the quality of food, and post-production processing can effectively extend the agricultural industrial chain and increase the added value of agricultural products.
Problems and Suggestions on the Development of Agricultural Mechanization
As of 2016, the comprehensive mechanization level of major crops in Hubei Province reached 67.4%, and entered the intermediate development stage as a whole, but the development between agricultural machinery areas, between links and between crops was very uneven, especially in the province's land area. 70% of the agricultural mechanization level in the hilly areas is only about 40%, and the effective supply of agricultural machinery equipment, technology, policies, talents and services to the region is seriously insufficient, and the agricultural machinery is further promoted. If the level of agricultural mechanization does not go up, it will affect the efficiency of agricultural output and the increase of farmers' income.
Statistics show that in 2016, the per capita disposable income of urban residents in Hubei Province was 29,386 yuan, an increase of 8.6%, and the per capita disposable income of farmers was 12,725 yuan, an increase of 7.4%. The per capita disposable income of farmers is slower or less than urban residents in terms of growth rate and value, indicating that the income gap between urban and rural residents is widening, and the kinetic energy supporting farmers' income is depleting, which needs us to pay close attention to. As a representative of rural advanced productive forces, agricultural mechanization plays an important role in promoting farmers' continuous income increase. In the new era, to promote farmers' continuous income increase, it is necessary to vigorously develop agricultural machinery.
The development of agricultural mechanization should focus on the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure and promote the increase of farmers' income through structural adjustment. It is necessary to aim at the adjustment of agricultural structure and the short-term production of mechanized crops in fields, to create a comprehensive mechanized demonstration model for crops and sub-regions, to improve the mechanization of economic crops and production of special agricultural products, and to coordinate the promotion of grain, water, agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry. Mechanization of fishing provides solid mechanized support for the adjustment of agricultural industry structure.
The development of agricultural mechanization should be centered on the implementation of the policy of promoting the benefits of farmers and promoting the increase of farmers' income through policy support. Adhere to the green ecological orientation, standardize the implementation of agricultural machinery purchase subsidy policy, adjust and optimize the structure and layout of agricultural machinery equipment, actively guide the elimination of “variable tractors†and old machinery with high energy consumption and heavy pollution, and promote energy-saving emission reduction and safe production of agricultural machinery; Deeply implement the subsidies for the deepening of the agricultural machinery and the returning of straw to the field, so that the land power can be improved and the farmers can benefit.
The development of agricultural mechanization should focus on the promotion of economic technology and the use of science and technology to promote farmers' income. Implement key agricultural machinery equipment and technical science and technology research, accelerate the development of facilities and equipment suitable for hilly mountainous areas, facility agriculture, livestock and poultry aquaculture, enhance the independent research and development capabilities of agricultural machinery core parts; accelerate the transformation and application of agricultural mechanized scientific and technological achievements, and reverse the existence of different levels of "inorganic The dilemma of usable, no good machine, and difficult to use; strengthens the integration of agricultural machinery, agriculture, agriculture, agriculture and credit, and Liangtian good machine, good law and coordination, and enhances the entire mechanized system solution capability of agriculture.
The development of agricultural mechanization should focus on the cultivation of new agricultural management entities and promote the increase of farmers' income through service sharing. Accelerate the cultivation of a number of backbone agricultural machinery professional cooperatives, improve agricultural disaster relief and emergency support capabilities; guide large grain growers, large agricultural machinery enterprises, agricultural enterprises, use land, capital, technology, machinery and other production factors to form cooperatives, and carry out generations of farming and breeding Marketization and professional services such as Datian Trusteeship, Unified Defense Control, Dry Storage, etc., enable farmers to better share the fruits of agricultural development.
The development of agricultural mechanization should be centered around the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy and promote the increase of farmers' income through comprehensive development. Broaden the scope of agricultural machinery services, extend the service chain, improve the support capacity of agricultural machinery for the development of agriculture-related industries; promote green ecological agricultural mechanization technologies such as straw crushing and returning fields, livestock and poultry manure treatment, and contribute agricultural machinery strength to ecologically livable rural construction. Strengthen agricultural machinery vocational education and technical training, build a professional team that understands agricultural machinery, loves agriculture, and loves rural areas, so that agricultural machinery practitioners become practitioners of rural civilization and leaders of rural wealth; strengthen agricultural machinery public and socialization The construction of the service system will improve the organization of the agricultural machinery industry and provide agricultural machinery practices for effective rural governance. (Original title: Agricultural Mechanization is an important means to increase farmers' income)
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