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Global energy interconnection brings great upgrade of power grid technology and equipment
State Grid Smart Grid Institute vice president Qiu Yufeng
The global energy Internet is equivalent to "UHV grid + ubiquitous smart grid + new energy", which can improve intermittent and fluctuating compatibility of power grid for large-scale and clean energy generation and grid integration, achieve complementary complementation of time-difference of global energy and complement of the season And geographical complementarity, is the fundamental solution to the global energy demand, environmental pollution, climate change and other issues.
Building a global energy Internet will bring great challenges to our grid technology and equipment.
Global Energy Internet Expanding the power grid range from countries and regions to global coverage requires the development of higher-voltage, longer-range transmission technologies, the development of smarter devices with greater capacity and lower loss, and the solution to extreme weather conditions for electrical materials and power equipment Bring the adaptability problem, realize the global energy supply and deployment.
The key to building a global energy Internet is to achieve breakthroughs in technological innovation in areas such as power supply technologies, power grid technologies, large-capacity energy storage technologies, and information and communication technologies, and raise the level of related technologies and equipment in various aspects.
State Grid Corporation has conducted successful exploration and practice in UHV AC and DC power grids, smart grid technologies and equipment. At present, the State Grid Corporation of China has put into operation four UHVDC projects, the initial realization of the western renewable energy to the eastern part of the load center long-distance transport, and put into operation and under construction of UHV AC Project 6, the transmission distance of 7379.4 thousand Meter, variable capacity of 102 million kilowatts. In addition, the State Grid Corporation in the UHV converter valve, converter transformers, UHV series compensation device, UHV AC transformers and circuit breakers, controllable high-voltage shunt reactors and so has made its due contribution, but also overcome the DC current unnatural Zero Crossing "a hundred years of power technology problems," successfully developed the world's highest level of DC circuit breaker prototype ... ... These technical research and innovation, all for the construction of the global energy Internet has laid a solid foundation.
Relying on the successful practice of State Grid Corporation of China in UHV AC and DC power transmission and smart grid technologies, the future development of grid technologies and equipment around the demand for building a global energy Internet is mainly concentrated in four aspects: First, the development of higher voltage , A larger capacity DC transmission technology. In the UHV DC transmission should be carried out ± 1100 kV and above the converter valve and converter transformer developed to enhance the DC transmission capacity to 12 GW or more, the transmission distance of more than 4000 km; developed based on SiC device DC converter valve And DC field devices to further reduce transmission losses and improve transmission efficiency.
Second, to carry out the systematic study of building DC grid. In the field of flexible DC and DC transmission, higher-voltage power devices, newer topologies, higher-level modular control levels and nanosecond-level energy balance control should be studied to address the large-scale The problem of commutation failure inherent in grid-connected energy sources and conventional HVDC transmission.
The construction of China's DC power grid can make a bold assumption: a mode of coexistence of LCC-VSC hybrid DC power grid and new energy DC power grid is established, that is, various energy VSC DC power grids such as land wind, water and thermal power are constructed, and multi-feed-in area LCC DC grid, point-to-point DC system, small land-based new energy DC system, offshore wind power and other network systems, and cross-linked to form a flexible inter-regional exchange of power grid.
High voltage DC circuit breaker technology is worth attention. With the increasing capacity and voltage level of the flexible HVDC transmission system, DC circuit breakers will also develop towards high voltage, high current and more rapid breaking off. From the application point of view, high voltage and high current DC circuit breakers can be applied to DC Transmission Network Reconfiguration and Intercontinental Internet.
Another key component of DC power transmission - high-voltage high-capacity DC / DC converters should be modular, small and low loss development, mainly related to resonant, chopping and soft-switching and other key technologies can eventually be applied to the HVDC network Internet, fan DC network and DC distribution network construction.
Third, the development of new types of power electronics to promote the semiconductor of the power grid. In terms of basic supporting technologies such as devices and new materials, in order to meet the future power electronic equipment requirements for power electronics, the device should be toward higher voltage, higher capacity, higher efficiency, higher junction temperature development. For example, should focus on the development of pressure-type silicon-based IGBT devices, full-controlled SiC devices, and consider the application of flexible DC transmission projects in the sea and underground ± 800 kV and above DC cables and accessories to reduce transmission losses, and focus on DC GIL insulators Charge characteristics and performance optimization research and Arctic cold in the structural steel used in power network characteristics, line insulation materials, mechanical and discharge characteristics.
In addition, research and development of new energy storage technologies to enhance energy capacity of the large space-time. Large-scale energy storage technology with high temperature, large capacity and high conversion efficiency is the key to achieving a clean alternative to the global energy Internet and replacing electricity with electricity. There are two technologies deserving research. One is hydrogen energy storage technology, which is based on the volatility of new energy sources to generate hydrogen. It can realize the large-scale storage and efficient utilization of clean electric power and clean gas energy with high conversion efficiency and commercialization prospect. One is the phase change thermal storage technology, which can promote energy Internet users instead of electricity, clean alternative, improve load controllability, improve power grid peak load-shifting, demand-side management, improve the energy of the Internet in a variety of forms of energy Time and space optimization and configuration capabilities.
Looking to the future, with the development of power electronic devices, electrical materials and power network equipment, there is reason to believe that in the future power grid technology and equipment can fully support the construction of a global energy Internet.
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